NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis for the Effects of Trimethylamine N-Oxide Treatment on C2C12 Myoblasts under Oxidative Stress
The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has received increased attention due to its close relationship with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. In previous studies, TMAO has shown both harmful and beneficial effects on various tissues, but the underlying molecular mechanis...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| author | Hong Zou Caihua Huang Lin Zhou Ruohan Lu Yimin Zhang Donghai Lin |
| author_facet | Hong Zou Caihua Huang Lin Zhou Ruohan Lu Yimin Zhang Donghai Lin |
| author_sort | Hong Zou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has received increased attention due to its close relationship with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. In previous studies, TMAO has shown both harmful and beneficial effects on various tissues, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be clarified. Here, we explored the effects of TMAO treatment on H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-impaired C2C12 myoblasts, analyzed metabolic changes and identified significantly altered metabolic pathways through nuclear magnetic resonance-based (NMR-based) metabolomic profiling. The results exhibit that TMAO treatment partly alleviated the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress damage of cells and protected C2C12 myoblasts by improving cell viability, increasing cellular total superoxide dismutase capacity, improving the protein expression of catalase, and reducing the level of malondialdehyde. We further showed that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> treatment decreased levels of branched-chain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine and valine) and several amino acids including alanine, glycine, threonine, phenylalanine and histidine, and increased the level of phosphocholine related to cell membrane structure, while the TMAO treatment partially reversed the changing trends of these metabolite levels by improving the integrity of the cell membranes. This study indicates that the TMAO treatment may be a promising strategy to alleviate oxidative stress damage in skeletal muscle. |
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| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:36:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7f9afdc7b89a4a7293307fa0225d134b2023-11-23T15:16:12ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2022-09-01129128810.3390/biom12091288NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis for the Effects of Trimethylamine N-Oxide Treatment on C2C12 Myoblasts under Oxidative StressHong Zou0Caihua Huang1Lin Zhou2Ruohan Lu3Yimin Zhang4Donghai Lin5School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, ChinaResearch and Communication Center of Exercise and Health, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, ChinaKey Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaKey Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaSchool of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, ChinaKey Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaThe gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has received increased attention due to its close relationship with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. In previous studies, TMAO has shown both harmful and beneficial effects on various tissues, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be clarified. Here, we explored the effects of TMAO treatment on H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-impaired C2C12 myoblasts, analyzed metabolic changes and identified significantly altered metabolic pathways through nuclear magnetic resonance-based (NMR-based) metabolomic profiling. The results exhibit that TMAO treatment partly alleviated the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress damage of cells and protected C2C12 myoblasts by improving cell viability, increasing cellular total superoxide dismutase capacity, improving the protein expression of catalase, and reducing the level of malondialdehyde. We further showed that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> treatment decreased levels of branched-chain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine and valine) and several amino acids including alanine, glycine, threonine, phenylalanine and histidine, and increased the level of phosphocholine related to cell membrane structure, while the TMAO treatment partially reversed the changing trends of these metabolite levels by improving the integrity of the cell membranes. This study indicates that the TMAO treatment may be a promising strategy to alleviate oxidative stress damage in skeletal muscle.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/9/1288TMAOC2C12 myoblastsNMR-based metabolomicsoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Hong Zou Caihua Huang Lin Zhou Ruohan Lu Yimin Zhang Donghai Lin NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis for the Effects of Trimethylamine N-Oxide Treatment on C2C12 Myoblasts under Oxidative Stress Biomolecules TMAO C2C12 myoblasts NMR-based metabolomics oxidative stress |
| title | NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis for the Effects of Trimethylamine N-Oxide Treatment on C2C12 Myoblasts under Oxidative Stress |
| title_full | NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis for the Effects of Trimethylamine N-Oxide Treatment on C2C12 Myoblasts under Oxidative Stress |
| title_fullStr | NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis for the Effects of Trimethylamine N-Oxide Treatment on C2C12 Myoblasts under Oxidative Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis for the Effects of Trimethylamine N-Oxide Treatment on C2C12 Myoblasts under Oxidative Stress |
| title_short | NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis for the Effects of Trimethylamine N-Oxide Treatment on C2C12 Myoblasts under Oxidative Stress |
| title_sort | nmr based metabolomic analysis for the effects of trimethylamine n oxide treatment on c2c12 myoblasts under oxidative stress |
| topic | TMAO C2C12 myoblasts NMR-based metabolomics oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/9/1288 |
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