Pond greenhouse gas emissions controlled by duckweed coverage
Freshwaters are significant contributors of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Small waterbodies such as ponds are now recognized to have disproportionate greenhouse gas emissions relative to their size, but measured emissions...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.889289/full |
| _version_ | 1811242902231187456 |
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| author | Joseph Rabaey James Cotner |
| author_facet | Joseph Rabaey James Cotner |
| author_sort | Joseph Rabaey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Freshwaters are significant contributors of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Small waterbodies such as ponds are now recognized to have disproportionate greenhouse gas emissions relative to their size, but measured emissions from ponds have varied by several orders of magnitude. To assess drivers of variation in pond greenhouse gas dynamics, we measured concentrations and emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O across 26 ponds in Minnesota, United States, during the ice-free season. The studied ponds differed in land-use, from urban stormwater ponds to natural forested ponds. The ponds were all sources of greenhouse gases, driven by large CH4 emissions (mean 704 [sd 840] mg CH4-C m−2 d−1). CO2 fluxes were variable, but on average a sink (mean −25.9 [sd 862] mg CO2-C m−2 d−1), and N2O emissions were generally low (mean 0.398 [sd 0.747] mg N2O-N m−2 d−1). Duckweed coverage on the water surfaces ranged from 0% to 100% coverage, and had the largest influence on water chemistry and greenhouse gas dynamics across the ponds. Duckweed covered ponds (ponds with greater than 85% coverage) had higher phosphorus levels and increased anoxia compared to ponds without duckweed (ponds with less than 12% coverage), leading to higher CH4 concentrations and overall greenhouse gas emissions in the duckweed ponds. Duckweed ponds had a mean emission rate in CO2 equivalents of 30.9 g C m−2 d−1 compared to 11.0 g C m−2 d−1 in non-duckweed ponds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:58:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7fb21005762c47ab83052ae74b5f2c25 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:58:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-7fb21005762c47ab83052ae74b5f2c252022-12-22T03:30:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2022-10-011010.3389/fenvs.2022.889289889289Pond greenhouse gas emissions controlled by duckweed coverageJoseph Rabaey0James Cotner1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United StatesDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayFreshwaters are significant contributors of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Small waterbodies such as ponds are now recognized to have disproportionate greenhouse gas emissions relative to their size, but measured emissions from ponds have varied by several orders of magnitude. To assess drivers of variation in pond greenhouse gas dynamics, we measured concentrations and emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O across 26 ponds in Minnesota, United States, during the ice-free season. The studied ponds differed in land-use, from urban stormwater ponds to natural forested ponds. The ponds were all sources of greenhouse gases, driven by large CH4 emissions (mean 704 [sd 840] mg CH4-C m−2 d−1). CO2 fluxes were variable, but on average a sink (mean −25.9 [sd 862] mg CO2-C m−2 d−1), and N2O emissions were generally low (mean 0.398 [sd 0.747] mg N2O-N m−2 d−1). Duckweed coverage on the water surfaces ranged from 0% to 100% coverage, and had the largest influence on water chemistry and greenhouse gas dynamics across the ponds. Duckweed covered ponds (ponds with greater than 85% coverage) had higher phosphorus levels and increased anoxia compared to ponds without duckweed (ponds with less than 12% coverage), leading to higher CH4 concentrations and overall greenhouse gas emissions in the duckweed ponds. Duckweed ponds had a mean emission rate in CO2 equivalents of 30.9 g C m−2 d−1 compared to 11.0 g C m−2 d−1 in non-duckweed ponds.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.889289/fullfloating macrophytesstormwater pondsgas fluxescarbon dioxide (CO2)methane (CH4)nitrous oxide (N2O) |
| spellingShingle | Joseph Rabaey James Cotner Pond greenhouse gas emissions controlled by duckweed coverage Frontiers in Environmental Science floating macrophytes stormwater ponds gas fluxes carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4) nitrous oxide (N2O) |
| title | Pond greenhouse gas emissions controlled by duckweed coverage |
| title_full | Pond greenhouse gas emissions controlled by duckweed coverage |
| title_fullStr | Pond greenhouse gas emissions controlled by duckweed coverage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pond greenhouse gas emissions controlled by duckweed coverage |
| title_short | Pond greenhouse gas emissions controlled by duckweed coverage |
| title_sort | pond greenhouse gas emissions controlled by duckweed coverage |
| topic | floating macrophytes stormwater ponds gas fluxes carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4) nitrous oxide (N2O) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.889289/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT josephrabaey pondgreenhousegasemissionscontrolledbyduckweedcoverage AT jamescotner pondgreenhousegasemissionscontrolledbyduckweedcoverage |