Possibilities of a Direct Synthesis of Aluminum Alloys with Elements from Deep-Sea Nodules
This work investigated the possibility of the direct preparation of aluminum alloys by aluminothermic reduction of deep-sea nodules with a high excess of aluminum. The process was found to be unable to obtain aluminum alloy, but an aluminum-rich manganese-based alloy was obtained instead, being comp...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/13/4467 |
| _version_ | 1797442952943894528 |
|---|---|
| author | Klára Borkovcová Pavel Novák |
| author_facet | Klára Borkovcová Pavel Novák |
| author_sort | Klára Borkovcová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work investigated the possibility of the direct preparation of aluminum alloys by aluminothermic reduction of deep-sea nodules with a high excess of aluminum. The process was found to be unable to obtain aluminum alloy, but an aluminum-rich manganese-based alloy was obtained instead, being composed of intermetallics. The alloy was characterized in the as-reduced state, as well as after crushing and sintering in the temperature range of 800–950 °C. The sample sintered at 900 °C was also heat-treated by annealing at 800 °C for 3 h and rapidly cooled. It was observed that with the increasing sintering temperature, the original matrix phase Al<sub>11</sub>Mn<sub>14</sub> was transformed into a duplex matrix with a structure corresponding to Al<sub>11</sub>Mn<sub>14</sub> and Al<sub>4</sub>Cu<sub>9</sub>, and this mixture was further transformed to the matrix with the structure corresponding to Al<sub>4</sub>Cu<sub>9</sub>. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the samples were described. The highest microhardness was reached in the sample, which was annealed after sintering. Sintered samples reached a lower wear rate because of the fragmentation of brittle intermetallics during crushing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:49:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7fb75678233d4f79b82c60ed2f83de8b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:49:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-7fb75678233d4f79b82c60ed2f83de8b2023-11-30T22:08:59ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-06-011513446710.3390/ma15134467Possibilities of a Direct Synthesis of Aluminum Alloys with Elements from Deep-Sea NodulesKlára Borkovcová0Pavel Novák1Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicThis work investigated the possibility of the direct preparation of aluminum alloys by aluminothermic reduction of deep-sea nodules with a high excess of aluminum. The process was found to be unable to obtain aluminum alloy, but an aluminum-rich manganese-based alloy was obtained instead, being composed of intermetallics. The alloy was characterized in the as-reduced state, as well as after crushing and sintering in the temperature range of 800–950 °C. The sample sintered at 900 °C was also heat-treated by annealing at 800 °C for 3 h and rapidly cooled. It was observed that with the increasing sintering temperature, the original matrix phase Al<sub>11</sub>Mn<sub>14</sub> was transformed into a duplex matrix with a structure corresponding to Al<sub>11</sub>Mn<sub>14</sub> and Al<sub>4</sub>Cu<sub>9</sub>, and this mixture was further transformed to the matrix with the structure corresponding to Al<sub>4</sub>Cu<sub>9</sub>. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the samples were described. The highest microhardness was reached in the sample, which was annealed after sintering. Sintered samples reached a lower wear rate because of the fragmentation of brittle intermetallics during crushing.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/13/4467deep-sea nodulesaluminothermymanganese-aluminum alloy |
| spellingShingle | Klára Borkovcová Pavel Novák Possibilities of a Direct Synthesis of Aluminum Alloys with Elements from Deep-Sea Nodules Materials deep-sea nodules aluminothermy manganese-aluminum alloy |
| title | Possibilities of a Direct Synthesis of Aluminum Alloys with Elements from Deep-Sea Nodules |
| title_full | Possibilities of a Direct Synthesis of Aluminum Alloys with Elements from Deep-Sea Nodules |
| title_fullStr | Possibilities of a Direct Synthesis of Aluminum Alloys with Elements from Deep-Sea Nodules |
| title_full_unstemmed | Possibilities of a Direct Synthesis of Aluminum Alloys with Elements from Deep-Sea Nodules |
| title_short | Possibilities of a Direct Synthesis of Aluminum Alloys with Elements from Deep-Sea Nodules |
| title_sort | possibilities of a direct synthesis of aluminum alloys with elements from deep sea nodules |
| topic | deep-sea nodules aluminothermy manganese-aluminum alloy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/13/4467 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT klaraborkovcova possibilitiesofadirectsynthesisofaluminumalloyswithelementsfromdeepseanodules AT pavelnovak possibilitiesofadirectsynthesisofaluminumalloyswithelementsfromdeepseanodules |