Isolation, Purification, and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides from <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> and Their Anti-Tumor Bioactivity by Immunomodulation
The activity of polysaccharides is usually related to molecular weight. The molecular weight of polysaccharides is critical to their immunological effect in cancer therapy. Herein, the <i>Codonopsis</i> polysaccharides of different molecular weights were isolated using ultrafiltration me...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-06-01
|
| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/6/895 |
| _version_ | 1797593117734469632 |
|---|---|
| author | Nan Li Ying-Xia Xiong Fan Ye Bing Jin Jin-Jia Wu Miao-Miao Han Tian Liu Yi-Kai Fan Cun-Yu Li Jiu-Shi Liu Ying-Hua Zhang Gui-Bo Sun Yun Zhang Zheng-Qi Dong |
| author_facet | Nan Li Ying-Xia Xiong Fan Ye Bing Jin Jin-Jia Wu Miao-Miao Han Tian Liu Yi-Kai Fan Cun-Yu Li Jiu-Shi Liu Ying-Hua Zhang Gui-Bo Sun Yun Zhang Zheng-Qi Dong |
| author_sort | Nan Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The activity of polysaccharides is usually related to molecular weight. The molecular weight of polysaccharides is critical to their immunological effect in cancer therapy. Herein, the <i>Codonopsis</i> polysaccharides of different molecular weights were isolated using ultrafiltration membranes of 60- and 100-wDa molecular weight cut-off to determine the relationship between molecular weight and antitumor activities. First, three water-soluble polysaccharides CPPS-I (<60 wDa), CPPS-II (60–100 wDa), and CPPS-III (>100 wDa) from <i>Codonopsis</i> were isolated and purified using a combination of macroporous adsorption resin chromatography and ultrafiltration. Their structural characteristics were determined through chemical derivatization, GPC, HPLC, FT–IR, and NMR techniques. In vitro experiments indicated that all <i>Codonopsis</i> polysaccharides exhibited significant antitumor activities, with the tumor inhibition rate in the following order: CPPS-II > CPPS-I > CPPS-III. The treatment of CPPS-II exhibited the highest inhibition rate at a high concentration among all groups, which was almost as efficient as that of the DOX·HCL (10 μg/mL) group at 125 μg/mL concentration. Notably, CPPS-II demonstrated the ability to enhance NO secretion and the antitumor ability of macrophages relative to the other two groups of polysaccharides. Finally, in vivo experiments revealed that CPPS-II increased the M1/M2 ratio in immune system regulation and that the tumor inhibition effect of CPPS-II + DOX was superior to that of DOX monotherapy, implying that CPPS-II + DOX played a synergistic role in regulating the immune system function and the direct tumor-killing ability of DOX. Therefore, CPPS-II is expected to be applied as an effective cancer treatment or adjuvant therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:03:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7fbc592567d44aa3b6d3db404e5fb7e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:03:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-7fbc592567d44aa3b6d3db404e5fb7e22023-11-18T12:03:05ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472023-06-0116689510.3390/ph16060895Isolation, Purification, and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides from <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> and Their Anti-Tumor Bioactivity by ImmunomodulationNan Li0Ying-Xia Xiong1Fan Ye2Bing Jin3Jin-Jia Wu4Miao-Miao Han5Tian Liu6Yi-Kai Fan7Cun-Yu Li8Jiu-Shi Liu9Ying-Hua Zhang10Gui-Bo Sun11Yun Zhang12Zheng-Qi Dong13Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaDrug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaDrug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaDrug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaDrug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaDrug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaDrug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaDrug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaDepartment of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, ChinaDrug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaJilin Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun 130012, ChinaDrug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaDrug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaDrug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaThe activity of polysaccharides is usually related to molecular weight. The molecular weight of polysaccharides is critical to their immunological effect in cancer therapy. Herein, the <i>Codonopsis</i> polysaccharides of different molecular weights were isolated using ultrafiltration membranes of 60- and 100-wDa molecular weight cut-off to determine the relationship between molecular weight and antitumor activities. First, three water-soluble polysaccharides CPPS-I (<60 wDa), CPPS-II (60–100 wDa), and CPPS-III (>100 wDa) from <i>Codonopsis</i> were isolated and purified using a combination of macroporous adsorption resin chromatography and ultrafiltration. Their structural characteristics were determined through chemical derivatization, GPC, HPLC, FT–IR, and NMR techniques. In vitro experiments indicated that all <i>Codonopsis</i> polysaccharides exhibited significant antitumor activities, with the tumor inhibition rate in the following order: CPPS-II > CPPS-I > CPPS-III. The treatment of CPPS-II exhibited the highest inhibition rate at a high concentration among all groups, which was almost as efficient as that of the DOX·HCL (10 μg/mL) group at 125 μg/mL concentration. Notably, CPPS-II demonstrated the ability to enhance NO secretion and the antitumor ability of macrophages relative to the other two groups of polysaccharides. Finally, in vivo experiments revealed that CPPS-II increased the M1/M2 ratio in immune system regulation and that the tumor inhibition effect of CPPS-II + DOX was superior to that of DOX monotherapy, implying that CPPS-II + DOX played a synergistic role in regulating the immune system function and the direct tumor-killing ability of DOX. Therefore, CPPS-II is expected to be applied as an effective cancer treatment or adjuvant therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/6/895<i>Codonopsis pilosula</i>graded polysaccharidesmacrophage polarizationantitumor activitycascade membrane technology |
| spellingShingle | Nan Li Ying-Xia Xiong Fan Ye Bing Jin Jin-Jia Wu Miao-Miao Han Tian Liu Yi-Kai Fan Cun-Yu Li Jiu-Shi Liu Ying-Hua Zhang Gui-Bo Sun Yun Zhang Zheng-Qi Dong Isolation, Purification, and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides from <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> and Their Anti-Tumor Bioactivity by Immunomodulation Pharmaceuticals <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> graded polysaccharides macrophage polarization antitumor activity cascade membrane technology |
| title | Isolation, Purification, and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides from <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> and Their Anti-Tumor Bioactivity by Immunomodulation |
| title_full | Isolation, Purification, and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides from <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> and Their Anti-Tumor Bioactivity by Immunomodulation |
| title_fullStr | Isolation, Purification, and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides from <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> and Their Anti-Tumor Bioactivity by Immunomodulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isolation, Purification, and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides from <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> and Their Anti-Tumor Bioactivity by Immunomodulation |
| title_short | Isolation, Purification, and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides from <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> and Their Anti-Tumor Bioactivity by Immunomodulation |
| title_sort | isolation purification and structural characterization of polysaccharides from i codonopsis pilosula i and their anti tumor bioactivity by immunomodulation |
| topic | <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> graded polysaccharides macrophage polarization antitumor activity cascade membrane technology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/6/895 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nanli isolationpurificationandstructuralcharacterizationofpolysaccharidesfromicodonopsispilosulaiandtheirantitumorbioactivitybyimmunomodulation AT yingxiaxiong isolationpurificationandstructuralcharacterizationofpolysaccharidesfromicodonopsispilosulaiandtheirantitumorbioactivitybyimmunomodulation AT fanye isolationpurificationandstructuralcharacterizationofpolysaccharidesfromicodonopsispilosulaiandtheirantitumorbioactivitybyimmunomodulation AT bingjin isolationpurificationandstructuralcharacterizationofpolysaccharidesfromicodonopsispilosulaiandtheirantitumorbioactivitybyimmunomodulation AT jinjiawu isolationpurificationandstructuralcharacterizationofpolysaccharidesfromicodonopsispilosulaiandtheirantitumorbioactivitybyimmunomodulation AT miaomiaohan isolationpurificationandstructuralcharacterizationofpolysaccharidesfromicodonopsispilosulaiandtheirantitumorbioactivitybyimmunomodulation AT tianliu isolationpurificationandstructuralcharacterizationofpolysaccharidesfromicodonopsispilosulaiandtheirantitumorbioactivitybyimmunomodulation AT yikaifan isolationpurificationandstructuralcharacterizationofpolysaccharidesfromicodonopsispilosulaiandtheirantitumorbioactivitybyimmunomodulation AT cunyuli isolationpurificationandstructuralcharacterizationofpolysaccharidesfromicodonopsispilosulaiandtheirantitumorbioactivitybyimmunomodulation AT jiushiliu isolationpurificationandstructuralcharacterizationofpolysaccharidesfromicodonopsispilosulaiandtheirantitumorbioactivitybyimmunomodulation AT yinghuazhang isolationpurificationandstructuralcharacterizationofpolysaccharidesfromicodonopsispilosulaiandtheirantitumorbioactivitybyimmunomodulation AT guibosun isolationpurificationandstructuralcharacterizationofpolysaccharidesfromicodonopsispilosulaiandtheirantitumorbioactivitybyimmunomodulation AT yunzhang isolationpurificationandstructuralcharacterizationofpolysaccharidesfromicodonopsispilosulaiandtheirantitumorbioactivitybyimmunomodulation AT zhengqidong isolationpurificationandstructuralcharacterizationofpolysaccharidesfromicodonopsispilosulaiandtheirantitumorbioactivitybyimmunomodulation |