Breast cancer risk factors in Iranian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of matched case–control studies
Abstract Background Identifying breast cancer risk factors is a critical component of preventative strategies for this disease. This study aims to identify modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of breast cancer in Iranian women. Methods We used international databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, W...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-12-01
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| Series: | European Journal of Medical Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-022-00952-0 |
| _version_ | 1797973705875259392 |
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| author | Malihe Khoramdad Masoud Solaymani-Dodaran Ali Kabir Neda Ghahremanzadeh Esmat-o-Sadat Hashemi Noushin Fahimfar Zahra Omidi Mohammad Ali Mansournia Asiie Olfatbakh Hamid Salehiniya Shahpar Haghighat |
| author_facet | Malihe Khoramdad Masoud Solaymani-Dodaran Ali Kabir Neda Ghahremanzadeh Esmat-o-Sadat Hashemi Noushin Fahimfar Zahra Omidi Mohammad Ali Mansournia Asiie Olfatbakh Hamid Salehiniya Shahpar Haghighat |
| author_sort | Malihe Khoramdad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Identifying breast cancer risk factors is a critical component of preventative strategies for this disease. This study aims to identify modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of breast cancer in Iranian women. Methods We used international databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Embase) and national databases (SID, Magiran, and ISC) to retrieve relevant studies until November 13, 2022. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval using the random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled effect. The publication bias was assessed by the Egger and Begg test. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of each included study on the final measurement. Results Of the 30,351 retrieved articles, 24 matched case–control records were included with 12,460 participants (5675 newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer and 6785 control). This meta-analysis showed that of the known modifiable risk factors for breast cancer, obesity (vs normal weight) had the highest risk (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.47 to 3.21; I 2 = 85.7) followed by age at marriage (25–29 vs < 18 years old) (OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.61; I 2 = 0), second-hand smoking (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.58 to 2.19; I 2 = 0), smoking (OR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.38; I 2 = 18.9), abortion history (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.05; I 2 = 66.3), oral contraceptive use (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.63; I 2 = 74.1), age at marriage (18–24 vs < 18 years old) (OR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.47; I 2 = 0). Of non-modifiable risk factors, history of radiation exposure (OR = 3.48, 95% CI 2.17 to 5.59; I 2 = 0), family history of breast cancer (OR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.83 to 3.33; I 2 = 73), and age at menarche (12–13 vs ≥ 14 years old) (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.31–2.13; I 2 = 25.4) significantly increased the risk of breast cancer. Conclusions Since most risk factors related to breast cancer incidence are modifiable, promoting healthy lifestyles can play an influential role in preventing breast cancer. In women with younger menarche age, a family history of breast cancer, or a history of radiation exposure, screening at short intervals is recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T04:08:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7fca910303ab416baebbb7536b4d571b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2047-783X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T04:08:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Journal of Medical Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-7fca910303ab416baebbb7536b4d571b2023-01-01T12:15:49ZengBMCEuropean Journal of Medical Research2047-783X2022-12-0127113110.1186/s40001-022-00952-0Breast cancer risk factors in Iranian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of matched case–control studiesMalihe Khoramdad0Masoud Solaymani-Dodaran1Ali Kabir2Neda Ghahremanzadeh3Esmat-o-Sadat Hashemi4Noushin Fahimfar5Zahra Omidi6Mohammad Ali Mansournia7Asiie Olfatbakh8Hamid Salehiniya9Shahpar Haghighat10Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical SciencesMinimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Hazrat-E-Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical ScienceDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical SciencesBreast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECROsteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesBreast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECRDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical SciencesBreast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECRSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical SciencesBreast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECRAbstract Background Identifying breast cancer risk factors is a critical component of preventative strategies for this disease. This study aims to identify modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of breast cancer in Iranian women. Methods We used international databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Embase) and national databases (SID, Magiran, and ISC) to retrieve relevant studies until November 13, 2022. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval using the random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled effect. The publication bias was assessed by the Egger and Begg test. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of each included study on the final measurement. Results Of the 30,351 retrieved articles, 24 matched case–control records were included with 12,460 participants (5675 newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer and 6785 control). This meta-analysis showed that of the known modifiable risk factors for breast cancer, obesity (vs normal weight) had the highest risk (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.47 to 3.21; I 2 = 85.7) followed by age at marriage (25–29 vs < 18 years old) (OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.61; I 2 = 0), second-hand smoking (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.58 to 2.19; I 2 = 0), smoking (OR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.38; I 2 = 18.9), abortion history (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.05; I 2 = 66.3), oral contraceptive use (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.63; I 2 = 74.1), age at marriage (18–24 vs < 18 years old) (OR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.47; I 2 = 0). Of non-modifiable risk factors, history of radiation exposure (OR = 3.48, 95% CI 2.17 to 5.59; I 2 = 0), family history of breast cancer (OR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.83 to 3.33; I 2 = 73), and age at menarche (12–13 vs ≥ 14 years old) (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.31–2.13; I 2 = 25.4) significantly increased the risk of breast cancer. Conclusions Since most risk factors related to breast cancer incidence are modifiable, promoting healthy lifestyles can play an influential role in preventing breast cancer. In women with younger menarche age, a family history of breast cancer, or a history of radiation exposure, screening at short intervals is recommended.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-022-00952-0Risk factorsBreast neoplasmsMeta-analysisCase–control studies |
| spellingShingle | Malihe Khoramdad Masoud Solaymani-Dodaran Ali Kabir Neda Ghahremanzadeh Esmat-o-Sadat Hashemi Noushin Fahimfar Zahra Omidi Mohammad Ali Mansournia Asiie Olfatbakh Hamid Salehiniya Shahpar Haghighat Breast cancer risk factors in Iranian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of matched case–control studies European Journal of Medical Research Risk factors Breast neoplasms Meta-analysis Case–control studies |
| title | Breast cancer risk factors in Iranian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of matched case–control studies |
| title_full | Breast cancer risk factors in Iranian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of matched case–control studies |
| title_fullStr | Breast cancer risk factors in Iranian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of matched case–control studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Breast cancer risk factors in Iranian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of matched case–control studies |
| title_short | Breast cancer risk factors in Iranian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of matched case–control studies |
| title_sort | breast cancer risk factors in iranian women a systematic review and meta analysis of matched case control studies |
| topic | Risk factors Breast neoplasms Meta-analysis Case–control studies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-022-00952-0 |
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