Biased by the Group: Memory for an Emotional Expression Biases Towards the Ensemble

An emotional expression can be misremembered as more similar to previously seen expressions than it actually was – demonstrating inductive category effects for emotional expressions. Given that memory is influenced over time, we sought to determine whether memory for a single expression would be sim...

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Main Authors: Jonathan C. Corbin, L. Elizabeth Crawford
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of California Press 2018-10-01
Series:Collabra: Psychology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.collabra.org/articles/186
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author Jonathan C. Corbin
L. Elizabeth Crawford
author_facet Jonathan C. Corbin
L. Elizabeth Crawford
author_sort Jonathan C. Corbin
collection DOAJ
description An emotional expression can be misremembered as more similar to previously seen expressions than it actually was – demonstrating inductive category effects for emotional expressions. Given that memory is influenced over time, we sought to determine whether memory for a single expression would be similarly influenced by other expressions viewed simultaneously. In other words, we test whether the ability to encode statistical features of an ensemble (i.e., ensemble encoding) is leveraged when attempting to recall a single expression from the ensemble. In three preregistered experiments, participants saw an ensemble of 4 expressions, one neutral and the three either happy or sad. After a delay, participants were asked to reproduce the neutral face by adjusting a response face’s expression. In Experiment 1, the ensemble comprised images of the same actor; in Experiments 2 and 3, images were comprised of individuals varying race and gender. In each experiment we demonstrated that even after only a single exposure, memory for the neutral expression in the happy group was biased happier relative to the same expression in the sad group. Data and syntax can be found at https://osf.io/gcbez/.
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spelling doaj.art-7fd0a6514abf42e3b0aceff763ae31182022-12-21T23:17:57ZengUniversity of California PressCollabra: Psychology2474-73942018-10-014110.1525/collabra.186101Biased by the Group: Memory for an Emotional Expression Biases Towards the EnsembleJonathan C. Corbin0L. Elizabeth Crawford1Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, VirginiaDepartment of Psychology, University of Richmond, VirginiaAn emotional expression can be misremembered as more similar to previously seen expressions than it actually was – demonstrating inductive category effects for emotional expressions. Given that memory is influenced over time, we sought to determine whether memory for a single expression would be similarly influenced by other expressions viewed simultaneously. In other words, we test whether the ability to encode statistical features of an ensemble (i.e., ensemble encoding) is leveraged when attempting to recall a single expression from the ensemble. In three preregistered experiments, participants saw an ensemble of 4 expressions, one neutral and the three either happy or sad. After a delay, participants were asked to reproduce the neutral face by adjusting a response face’s expression. In Experiment 1, the ensemble comprised images of the same actor; in Experiments 2 and 3, images were comprised of individuals varying race and gender. In each experiment we demonstrated that even after only a single exposure, memory for the neutral expression in the happy group was biased happier relative to the same expression in the sad group. Data and syntax can be found at https://osf.io/gcbez/.https://www.collabra.org/articles/186MemoryEnsemble EncodingEmotionFacial Expressions
spellingShingle Jonathan C. Corbin
L. Elizabeth Crawford
Biased by the Group: Memory for an Emotional Expression Biases Towards the Ensemble
Collabra: Psychology
Memory
Ensemble Encoding
Emotion
Facial Expressions
title Biased by the Group: Memory for an Emotional Expression Biases Towards the Ensemble
title_full Biased by the Group: Memory for an Emotional Expression Biases Towards the Ensemble
title_fullStr Biased by the Group: Memory for an Emotional Expression Biases Towards the Ensemble
title_full_unstemmed Biased by the Group: Memory for an Emotional Expression Biases Towards the Ensemble
title_short Biased by the Group: Memory for an Emotional Expression Biases Towards the Ensemble
title_sort biased by the group memory for an emotional expression biases towards the ensemble
topic Memory
Ensemble Encoding
Emotion
Facial Expressions
url https://www.collabra.org/articles/186
work_keys_str_mv AT jonathanccorbin biasedbythegroupmemoryforanemotionalexpressionbiasestowardstheensemble
AT lelizabethcrawford biasedbythegroupmemoryforanemotionalexpressionbiasestowardstheensemble