Cold Storage Effects on Fitness of the Whitefly Parasitoids <i>Encarsia sophia</i> and <i>Eretmocerus hayati</i>
Successful biological control of the whitefly <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> involves the mass rearing of biocontrol agents in large numbers for field release. Cold storage of the biocontrol agents is often necessary to provide a sufficient number of biocontrol agents during an eventual pest outb...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/7/428 |
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| author | Dawit Kidane Marco Ferrante Xiao-Ming Man Wan-Xue Liu Fang-Hao Wan Nian-Wan Yang |
| author_facet | Dawit Kidane Marco Ferrante Xiao-Ming Man Wan-Xue Liu Fang-Hao Wan Nian-Wan Yang |
| author_sort | Dawit Kidane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Successful biological control of the whitefly <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> involves the mass rearing of biocontrol agents in large numbers for field release. Cold storage of the biocontrol agents is often necessary to provide a sufficient number of biocontrol agents during an eventual pest outbreak. In this study, the fitness of two whitefly parasitoids <i>Encarsia sophia</i> Girault and Dodd (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and <i>Eretmocerus hayati</i> Zolnerowich and Rose (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was evaluated under fluctuating cold storage temperatures. The emergence rate of old pupae of either species was not affected when stored at 12, 10, 8 and 6 °C for 1 week. Cold storage had no effect on the longevity of the emerging adult <i>En. sophia</i> except young pupae stored at 4 °C, while <i>Er. hayati</i> was negatively affected after 2 weeks of storage time at all temperatures. Parasitism by adults emerging from older pupae stored at 12 °C for 1 week was equivalent to the control. Combined with the results for the emergence time, we suggest that the old pupal stage of <i>En. sophia</i> and <i>Er. hayati</i> could be stored at 12 and 10 °C, respectively (transferred every 22 h to 26 ± 1 °C for 2 h), for 1 week, with no or little adverse effect. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:35:41Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-7fd72883b0b344d3b31a14e1f344c3c42023-11-20T06:17:25ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502020-07-0111742810.3390/insects11070428Cold Storage Effects on Fitness of the Whitefly Parasitoids <i>Encarsia sophia</i> and <i>Eretmocerus hayati</i>Dawit Kidane0Marco Ferrante1Xiao-Ming Man2Wan-Xue Liu3Fang-Hao Wan4Nian-Wan Yang5State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaCE3C-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, PT-9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, PortugalState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaSuccessful biological control of the whitefly <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> involves the mass rearing of biocontrol agents in large numbers for field release. Cold storage of the biocontrol agents is often necessary to provide a sufficient number of biocontrol agents during an eventual pest outbreak. In this study, the fitness of two whitefly parasitoids <i>Encarsia sophia</i> Girault and Dodd (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and <i>Eretmocerus hayati</i> Zolnerowich and Rose (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was evaluated under fluctuating cold storage temperatures. The emergence rate of old pupae of either species was not affected when stored at 12, 10, 8 and 6 °C for 1 week. Cold storage had no effect on the longevity of the emerging adult <i>En. sophia</i> except young pupae stored at 4 °C, while <i>Er. hayati</i> was negatively affected after 2 weeks of storage time at all temperatures. Parasitism by adults emerging from older pupae stored at 12 °C for 1 week was equivalent to the control. Combined with the results for the emergence time, we suggest that the old pupal stage of <i>En. sophia</i> and <i>Er. hayati</i> could be stored at 12 and 10 °C, respectively (transferred every 22 h to 26 ± 1 °C for 2 h), for 1 week, with no or little adverse effect.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/7/428fluctuating temperatureparasitoidHymenoptera<i>Aphelinidae</i><i>Bemisia tabaci</i><i>Aleyrodidae</i> |
| spellingShingle | Dawit Kidane Marco Ferrante Xiao-Ming Man Wan-Xue Liu Fang-Hao Wan Nian-Wan Yang Cold Storage Effects on Fitness of the Whitefly Parasitoids <i>Encarsia sophia</i> and <i>Eretmocerus hayati</i> Insects fluctuating temperature parasitoid Hymenoptera <i>Aphelinidae</i> <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> <i>Aleyrodidae</i> |
| title | Cold Storage Effects on Fitness of the Whitefly Parasitoids <i>Encarsia sophia</i> and <i>Eretmocerus hayati</i> |
| title_full | Cold Storage Effects on Fitness of the Whitefly Parasitoids <i>Encarsia sophia</i> and <i>Eretmocerus hayati</i> |
| title_fullStr | Cold Storage Effects on Fitness of the Whitefly Parasitoids <i>Encarsia sophia</i> and <i>Eretmocerus hayati</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cold Storage Effects on Fitness of the Whitefly Parasitoids <i>Encarsia sophia</i> and <i>Eretmocerus hayati</i> |
| title_short | Cold Storage Effects on Fitness of the Whitefly Parasitoids <i>Encarsia sophia</i> and <i>Eretmocerus hayati</i> |
| title_sort | cold storage effects on fitness of the whitefly parasitoids i encarsia sophia i and i eretmocerus hayati i |
| topic | fluctuating temperature parasitoid Hymenoptera <i>Aphelinidae</i> <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> <i>Aleyrodidae</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/7/428 |
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