Nonlinear Spectrum Modulation in the Anomalous Dispersion Regime Using Second- and Third-Order Solitons
We study the robustness of a nonlinear frequency-division multiplexing (NFDM) system, based on the Zakharov-Shabat spectral problem (ZSSP), that is comprised of two independent quadrature phase-shift keyed (QPSK) channels modulated in the discrete spectrum associated with two distinct eigenvalues. A...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/10/748 |
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| author | Thiago D. S. De Menezes Chaoran Tu Valentin Besse Maurice O’Sullivan Vladimir S. Grigoryan Curtis R. Menyuk Ivan T. Lima Jr. |
| author_facet | Thiago D. S. De Menezes Chaoran Tu Valentin Besse Maurice O’Sullivan Vladimir S. Grigoryan Curtis R. Menyuk Ivan T. Lima Jr. |
| author_sort | Thiago D. S. De Menezes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We study the robustness of a nonlinear frequency-division multiplexing (NFDM) system, based on the Zakharov-Shabat spectral problem (ZSSP), that is comprised of two independent quadrature phase-shift keyed (QPSK) channels modulated in the discrete spectrum associated with two distinct eigenvalues. Among the many fiber impairments that may limit this system, we focus on determining the limits due to third-order dispersion, the Raman effect, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise from erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), and fiber losses with lumped gain from EDFAs. We examine the impact of these impairments on a 1600-km system by analyzing the <i>Q</i>-factor calculated from the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the received symbols. We found that the maximum launch power due to these impairments is: 13 dBm due to third-order dispersion, 11 dBm due to the Raman effect, 3 dBm due to fiber losses with lumped gain, and 2 dBm due to these three impairments combined with ASE noise. The maximum launch power due to all these impairments combined is comparable to that of a conventional wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) system, even though WDM systems can operate over a much larger bandwidth and, consequently, have a much higher data throughput when compared with NFDM systems. We find that fiber losses in practical fiber transmission systems with lumped gain from EDFAs is the most stringent limiting factor in the performance of this NFDM system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:33:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7fd7f8b8ac0c4d009d8704b958d4341b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:33:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-7fd7f8b8ac0c4d009d8704b958d4341b2023-11-24T02:02:14ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322022-10-0191074810.3390/photonics9100748Nonlinear Spectrum Modulation in the Anomalous Dispersion Regime Using Second- and Third-Order SolitonsThiago D. S. De Menezes0Chaoran Tu1Valentin Besse2Maurice O’Sullivan3Vladimir S. Grigoryan4Curtis R. Menyuk5Ivan T. Lima Jr.6Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USADepartment of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USADepartment of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USACiena Corporation, Ottawa, ON K2K 0L1, CanadaNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USADepartment of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USAWe study the robustness of a nonlinear frequency-division multiplexing (NFDM) system, based on the Zakharov-Shabat spectral problem (ZSSP), that is comprised of two independent quadrature phase-shift keyed (QPSK) channels modulated in the discrete spectrum associated with two distinct eigenvalues. Among the many fiber impairments that may limit this system, we focus on determining the limits due to third-order dispersion, the Raman effect, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise from erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), and fiber losses with lumped gain from EDFAs. We examine the impact of these impairments on a 1600-km system by analyzing the <i>Q</i>-factor calculated from the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the received symbols. We found that the maximum launch power due to these impairments is: 13 dBm due to third-order dispersion, 11 dBm due to the Raman effect, 3 dBm due to fiber losses with lumped gain, and 2 dBm due to these three impairments combined with ASE noise. The maximum launch power due to all these impairments combined is comparable to that of a conventional wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) system, even though WDM systems can operate over a much larger bandwidth and, consequently, have a much higher data throughput when compared with NFDM systems. We find that fiber losses in practical fiber transmission systems with lumped gain from EDFAs is the most stringent limiting factor in the performance of this NFDM system.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/10/748fiber nonlinear opticsnonlinear Fourier transformdiscrete spectrum modulation |
| spellingShingle | Thiago D. S. De Menezes Chaoran Tu Valentin Besse Maurice O’Sullivan Vladimir S. Grigoryan Curtis R. Menyuk Ivan T. Lima Jr. Nonlinear Spectrum Modulation in the Anomalous Dispersion Regime Using Second- and Third-Order Solitons Photonics fiber nonlinear optics nonlinear Fourier transform discrete spectrum modulation |
| title | Nonlinear Spectrum Modulation in the Anomalous Dispersion Regime Using Second- and Third-Order Solitons |
| title_full | Nonlinear Spectrum Modulation in the Anomalous Dispersion Regime Using Second- and Third-Order Solitons |
| title_fullStr | Nonlinear Spectrum Modulation in the Anomalous Dispersion Regime Using Second- and Third-Order Solitons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nonlinear Spectrum Modulation in the Anomalous Dispersion Regime Using Second- and Third-Order Solitons |
| title_short | Nonlinear Spectrum Modulation in the Anomalous Dispersion Regime Using Second- and Third-Order Solitons |
| title_sort | nonlinear spectrum modulation in the anomalous dispersion regime using second and third order solitons |
| topic | fiber nonlinear optics nonlinear Fourier transform discrete spectrum modulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/9/10/748 |
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