Interferon Response in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Hepatocytes: Issues to Consider in the Era of Direct-Acting Antivirals
When interferons (IFNs) bind to their receptors, they upregulate numerous IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) with antiviral and immune regulatory activities. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that affects over 71 million people in the global population. Hepatocytes infe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/7/2583 |
| _version_ | 1797571194921156608 |
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| author | Pil Soo Sung Eui-Cheol Shin |
| author_facet | Pil Soo Sung Eui-Cheol Shin |
| author_sort | Pil Soo Sung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | When interferons (IFNs) bind to their receptors, they upregulate numerous IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) with antiviral and immune regulatory activities. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that affects over 71 million people in the global population. Hepatocytes infected with HCV produce types I and III IFNs. These endogenous IFNs upregulate a set of ISGs that negatively impact the outcome of pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin treatments, which were previously used to treat HCV. In addition, the <i>IFNL4</i> genotype was the primary polymorphism responsible for a suboptimal treatment response to pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin. However, recently developed direct-acting antivirals have demonstrated a high rate of sustained virological response without pegylated IFN-α. Herein, we review recent studies on types I and III IFN responses in HCV-infected hepatocytes. In particular, we focused on open issues related to IFN responses in the direct-acting antiviral era. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:35:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7fe5c4d75e684f3788a1214f951aeeb8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:35:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7fe5c4d75e684f3788a1214f951aeeb82023-11-19T21:00:53ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-04-01217258310.3390/ijms21072583Interferon Response in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Hepatocytes: Issues to Consider in the Era of Direct-Acting AntiviralsPil Soo Sung0Eui-Cheol Shin1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, KoreaGraduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, KoreaWhen interferons (IFNs) bind to their receptors, they upregulate numerous IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) with antiviral and immune regulatory activities. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that affects over 71 million people in the global population. Hepatocytes infected with HCV produce types I and III IFNs. These endogenous IFNs upregulate a set of ISGs that negatively impact the outcome of pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin treatments, which were previously used to treat HCV. In addition, the <i>IFNL4</i> genotype was the primary polymorphism responsible for a suboptimal treatment response to pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin. However, recently developed direct-acting antivirals have demonstrated a high rate of sustained virological response without pegylated IFN-α. Herein, we review recent studies on types I and III IFN responses in HCV-infected hepatocytes. In particular, we focused on open issues related to IFN responses in the direct-acting antiviral era.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/7/2583hepatitis C virusinterferoninnate immunitydirect-acting antivirals |
| spellingShingle | Pil Soo Sung Eui-Cheol Shin Interferon Response in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Hepatocytes: Issues to Consider in the Era of Direct-Acting Antivirals International Journal of Molecular Sciences hepatitis C virus interferon innate immunity direct-acting antivirals |
| title | Interferon Response in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Hepatocytes: Issues to Consider in the Era of Direct-Acting Antivirals |
| title_full | Interferon Response in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Hepatocytes: Issues to Consider in the Era of Direct-Acting Antivirals |
| title_fullStr | Interferon Response in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Hepatocytes: Issues to Consider in the Era of Direct-Acting Antivirals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interferon Response in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Hepatocytes: Issues to Consider in the Era of Direct-Acting Antivirals |
| title_short | Interferon Response in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Hepatocytes: Issues to Consider in the Era of Direct-Acting Antivirals |
| title_sort | interferon response in hepatitis c virus infected hepatocytes issues to consider in the era of direct acting antivirals |
| topic | hepatitis C virus interferon innate immunity direct-acting antivirals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/7/2583 |
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