A multi-element flame retardant containing boron and double-bond structure for enhancing mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resins
Abstract A multi-element synergistic flame retardant with double-bond structure was synthesized and added to epoxy resin (EP) to obtain EP composites with high flame retardant and mechanical properties. The study demonstrated that the DOPO-KhCPA-5 composite, containing 5 wt% of DOPO, exhibits the li...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2024-04-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58709-0 |
| _version_ | 1797219874156576768 |
|---|---|
| author | Penglun Zheng Haihan Zhao Junwei Li Quanyi Liu Jian Zhang Wencai Wu |
| author_facet | Penglun Zheng Haihan Zhao Junwei Li Quanyi Liu Jian Zhang Wencai Wu |
| author_sort | Penglun Zheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract A multi-element synergistic flame retardant with double-bond structure was synthesized and added to epoxy resin (EP) to obtain EP composites with high flame retardant and mechanical properties. The study demonstrated that the DOPO-KhCPA-5 composite, containing 5 wt% of DOPO, exhibits the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 32%, indicating a high resistance to combustion. Additionally, it successfully meets the UL-94 V-0 grade, indicating excellent self-extinguishing properties. The DOPO-KhCPA-5 compound exhibited a 48.7% decrease in peak heat release rate (PHRR) and a 7.2% decrease in total heat release (THR) compared to pure EP. The inclusion of double-bonded architectures in the DOPO-KhCPA-5 composites led to a significant enhancement in both the tensile strength and tensile modulus. Specifically, the tensile strength increased by 38.5% and the tensile modulus by 57.9% compared to pure EP. This improvement can be attributed to the formation of a fully interpenetrating network of macromolecular chain structures by DOPO-KhCPA within the EP matrix. This network increased the entanglement between molecular chains, resulting in positive effects on the mechanical properties of the EP. Multi-element of DOPO-KhCPA exhibits a synergistic effect, providing condensed and noncombustible gas-phase flame retardancy. Additionally, the mechanical properties were improved with the introduction of flame retardants due to the good impact of double-bond cross-linking. The effectiveness of DOPO-KhCPA as an additive for developing high-performance EP with significant potential applications has been proven. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T12:40:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7ff97f292b26458cbacb7cc1ab695bda |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T12:40:34Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-7ff97f292b26458cbacb7cc1ab695bda2024-04-07T11:17:10ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-04-0114111310.1038/s41598-024-58709-0A multi-element flame retardant containing boron and double-bond structure for enhancing mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resinsPenglun Zheng0Haihan Zhao1Junwei Li2Quanyi Liu3Jian Zhang4Wencai Wu5College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of ChinaCollege of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of ChinaCollege of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of ChinaCollege of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of ChinaChina Academy of Civil Aviation Science and TechnologyChina Academy of Civil Aviation Science and TechnologyAbstract A multi-element synergistic flame retardant with double-bond structure was synthesized and added to epoxy resin (EP) to obtain EP composites with high flame retardant and mechanical properties. The study demonstrated that the DOPO-KhCPA-5 composite, containing 5 wt% of DOPO, exhibits the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 32%, indicating a high resistance to combustion. Additionally, it successfully meets the UL-94 V-0 grade, indicating excellent self-extinguishing properties. The DOPO-KhCPA-5 compound exhibited a 48.7% decrease in peak heat release rate (PHRR) and a 7.2% decrease in total heat release (THR) compared to pure EP. The inclusion of double-bonded architectures in the DOPO-KhCPA-5 composites led to a significant enhancement in both the tensile strength and tensile modulus. Specifically, the tensile strength increased by 38.5% and the tensile modulus by 57.9% compared to pure EP. This improvement can be attributed to the formation of a fully interpenetrating network of macromolecular chain structures by DOPO-KhCPA within the EP matrix. This network increased the entanglement between molecular chains, resulting in positive effects on the mechanical properties of the EP. Multi-element of DOPO-KhCPA exhibits a synergistic effect, providing condensed and noncombustible gas-phase flame retardancy. Additionally, the mechanical properties were improved with the introduction of flame retardants due to the good impact of double-bond cross-linking. The effectiveness of DOPO-KhCPA as an additive for developing high-performance EP with significant potential applications has been proven.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58709-0Epoxy resinMulti-element flame retardantDouble-bondCrosslinking |
| spellingShingle | Penglun Zheng Haihan Zhao Junwei Li Quanyi Liu Jian Zhang Wencai Wu A multi-element flame retardant containing boron and double-bond structure for enhancing mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resins Scientific Reports Epoxy resin Multi-element flame retardant Double-bond Crosslinking |
| title | A multi-element flame retardant containing boron and double-bond structure for enhancing mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resins |
| title_full | A multi-element flame retardant containing boron and double-bond structure for enhancing mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resins |
| title_fullStr | A multi-element flame retardant containing boron and double-bond structure for enhancing mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resins |
| title_full_unstemmed | A multi-element flame retardant containing boron and double-bond structure for enhancing mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resins |
| title_short | A multi-element flame retardant containing boron and double-bond structure for enhancing mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resins |
| title_sort | multi element flame retardant containing boron and double bond structure for enhancing mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy resins |
| topic | Epoxy resin Multi-element flame retardant Double-bond Crosslinking |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58709-0 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT penglunzheng amultielementflameretardantcontainingboronanddoublebondstructureforenhancingmechanicalpropertiesandflameretardancyofepoxyresins AT haihanzhao amultielementflameretardantcontainingboronanddoublebondstructureforenhancingmechanicalpropertiesandflameretardancyofepoxyresins AT junweili amultielementflameretardantcontainingboronanddoublebondstructureforenhancingmechanicalpropertiesandflameretardancyofepoxyresins AT quanyiliu amultielementflameretardantcontainingboronanddoublebondstructureforenhancingmechanicalpropertiesandflameretardancyofepoxyresins AT jianzhang amultielementflameretardantcontainingboronanddoublebondstructureforenhancingmechanicalpropertiesandflameretardancyofepoxyresins AT wencaiwu amultielementflameretardantcontainingboronanddoublebondstructureforenhancingmechanicalpropertiesandflameretardancyofepoxyresins AT penglunzheng multielementflameretardantcontainingboronanddoublebondstructureforenhancingmechanicalpropertiesandflameretardancyofepoxyresins AT haihanzhao multielementflameretardantcontainingboronanddoublebondstructureforenhancingmechanicalpropertiesandflameretardancyofepoxyresins AT junweili multielementflameretardantcontainingboronanddoublebondstructureforenhancingmechanicalpropertiesandflameretardancyofepoxyresins AT quanyiliu multielementflameretardantcontainingboronanddoublebondstructureforenhancingmechanicalpropertiesandflameretardancyofepoxyresins AT jianzhang multielementflameretardantcontainingboronanddoublebondstructureforenhancingmechanicalpropertiesandflameretardancyofepoxyresins AT wencaiwu multielementflameretardantcontainingboronanddoublebondstructureforenhancingmechanicalpropertiesandflameretardancyofepoxyresins |