Real-time Experimental Demonstrations of a Photonic Lantern Wave-front Sensor
The direct imaging of an Earth-like exoplanet will require sub-nanometric wave-front control across large light-collecting apertures to reject host starlight and detect the faint planetary signal. Current adaptive optics systems, which use wave-front sensors that reimage the telescope pupil, face tw...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad12a4 |
| _version_ | 1827573214126014464 |
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| author | Jonathan W. Lin Michael P. Fitzgerald Yinzi Xin Yoo Jung Kim Olivier Guyon Barnaby Norris Christopher Betters Sergio Leon-Saval Kyohoon Ahn Vincent Deo Julien Lozi Sébastien Vievard Daniel Levinstein Steph Sallum Nemanja Jovanovic |
| author_facet | Jonathan W. Lin Michael P. Fitzgerald Yinzi Xin Yoo Jung Kim Olivier Guyon Barnaby Norris Christopher Betters Sergio Leon-Saval Kyohoon Ahn Vincent Deo Julien Lozi Sébastien Vievard Daniel Levinstein Steph Sallum Nemanja Jovanovic |
| author_sort | Jonathan W. Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The direct imaging of an Earth-like exoplanet will require sub-nanometric wave-front control across large light-collecting apertures to reject host starlight and detect the faint planetary signal. Current adaptive optics systems, which use wave-front sensors that reimage the telescope pupil, face two challenges that prevent this level of control: non-common-path aberrations, caused by differences between the sensing and science arms of the instrument; and petaling modes: discontinuous phase aberrations caused by pupil fragmentation, especially relevant for the upcoming 30 m class telescopes. Such aberrations drastically impact the capabilities of high-contrast instruments. To address these issues, we can add a second-stage wave-front sensor to the science focal plane. One promising architecture uses the photonic lantern (PL): a waveguide that efficiently couples aberrated light into single-mode fibers (SMFs). In turn, SMF-confined light can be stably injected into high-resolution spectrographs, enabling direct exoplanet characterization and precision radial velocity measurements; simultaneously, the PL can be used for focal-plane wave-front sensing. We present a real-time experimental demonstration of the PL wave-front sensor on the Subaru/SCExAO testbed. Our system is stable out to around ±400 nm of low-order Zernike wave-front error and can correct petaling modes. When injecting ∼30 nm rms of low-order time-varying error, we achieve ∼10× rejection at 1 s timescales; further refinements to the control law and lantern fabrication process should make sub-nanometric wave-front control possible. In the future, novel sensors like the PL wave-front sensor may prove to be critical in resolving the wave-front control challenges posed by exoplanet direct imaging. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:15:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7ffd81a62f2b447e952a23ab50957036 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:15:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-7ffd81a62f2b447e952a23ab509570362023-12-22T16:59:59ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052023-01-019592L3410.3847/2041-8213/ad12a4Real-time Experimental Demonstrations of a Photonic Lantern Wave-front SensorJonathan W. Lin0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-3317Michael P. Fitzgerald1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0176-8973Yinzi Xin2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6171-9081Yoo Jung Kim3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1392-0845Olivier Guyon4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1097-9908Barnaby Norris5Christopher Betters6Sergio Leon-Saval7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5606-3874Kyohoon Ahn8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-852XVincent Deo9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4514-7906Julien Lozi10Sébastien Vievard11Daniel Levinstein12Steph Sallum13https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6871-6775Nemanja Jovanovic14https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5213-6207University of California , Los Angeles, Physics and Astronomy Department, Los Angeles, 475 Portola Plaza Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAUniversity of California , Los Angeles, Physics and Astronomy Department, Los Angeles, 475 Portola Plaza Los Angeles, CA 90095, USACalifornia Institute of Technology , Department of Astronomy, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAUniversity of California , Los Angeles, Physics and Astronomy Department, Los Angeles, 475 Portola Plaza Los Angeles, CA 90095, USANational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , Subaru Telescope, 650 North Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; The University of Arizona , Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAThe University of Sydney , Sydney Institute for Astronomy, Physics Road, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaThe University of Sydney , Sydney Astrophotonic Instrumentation Laboratory, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaThe University of Sydney , Sydney Astrophotonic Instrumentation Laboratory, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , Subaru Telescope, 650 North Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USANational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , Subaru Telescope, 650 North Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USANational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , Subaru Telescope, 650 North Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USANational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , Subaru Telescope, 650 North Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USAUniversity of California , Irvine, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USAUniversity of California , Irvine, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USACalifornia Institute of Technology , Department of Astronomy, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAThe direct imaging of an Earth-like exoplanet will require sub-nanometric wave-front control across large light-collecting apertures to reject host starlight and detect the faint planetary signal. Current adaptive optics systems, which use wave-front sensors that reimage the telescope pupil, face two challenges that prevent this level of control: non-common-path aberrations, caused by differences between the sensing and science arms of the instrument; and petaling modes: discontinuous phase aberrations caused by pupil fragmentation, especially relevant for the upcoming 30 m class telescopes. Such aberrations drastically impact the capabilities of high-contrast instruments. To address these issues, we can add a second-stage wave-front sensor to the science focal plane. One promising architecture uses the photonic lantern (PL): a waveguide that efficiently couples aberrated light into single-mode fibers (SMFs). In turn, SMF-confined light can be stably injected into high-resolution spectrographs, enabling direct exoplanet characterization and precision radial velocity measurements; simultaneously, the PL can be used for focal-plane wave-front sensing. We present a real-time experimental demonstration of the PL wave-front sensor on the Subaru/SCExAO testbed. Our system is stable out to around ±400 nm of low-order Zernike wave-front error and can correct petaling modes. When injecting ∼30 nm rms of low-order time-varying error, we achieve ∼10× rejection at 1 s timescales; further refinements to the control law and lantern fabrication process should make sub-nanometric wave-front control possible. In the future, novel sensors like the PL wave-front sensor may prove to be critical in resolving the wave-front control challenges posed by exoplanet direct imaging.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad12a4Adaptive opticsAstronomical instrumentation |
| spellingShingle | Jonathan W. Lin Michael P. Fitzgerald Yinzi Xin Yoo Jung Kim Olivier Guyon Barnaby Norris Christopher Betters Sergio Leon-Saval Kyohoon Ahn Vincent Deo Julien Lozi Sébastien Vievard Daniel Levinstein Steph Sallum Nemanja Jovanovic Real-time Experimental Demonstrations of a Photonic Lantern Wave-front Sensor The Astrophysical Journal Letters Adaptive optics Astronomical instrumentation |
| title | Real-time Experimental Demonstrations of a Photonic Lantern Wave-front Sensor |
| title_full | Real-time Experimental Demonstrations of a Photonic Lantern Wave-front Sensor |
| title_fullStr | Real-time Experimental Demonstrations of a Photonic Lantern Wave-front Sensor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Real-time Experimental Demonstrations of a Photonic Lantern Wave-front Sensor |
| title_short | Real-time Experimental Demonstrations of a Photonic Lantern Wave-front Sensor |
| title_sort | real time experimental demonstrations of a photonic lantern wave front sensor |
| topic | Adaptive optics Astronomical instrumentation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad12a4 |
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