Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) Infection Detected in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Dairy Calves by Near-Infrared Aquaphotomics
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major contributor to respiratory disease in cattle worldwide. Traditionally, BRSV infection is detected based on non-specific clinical signs, followed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the results of which can take days to obt...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/2/549 |
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| author | Mariana Santos-Rivera Amelia R. Woolums Merrilee Thoresen Florencia Meyer Carrie K. Vance |
| author_facet | Mariana Santos-Rivera Amelia R. Woolums Merrilee Thoresen Florencia Meyer Carrie K. Vance |
| author_sort | Mariana Santos-Rivera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major contributor to respiratory disease in cattle worldwide. Traditionally, BRSV infection is detected based on non-specific clinical signs, followed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the results of which can take days to obtain. Near-infrared aquaphotomics evaluation based on biochemical information from biofluids has the potential to support the rapid identification of BRSV infection in the field. This study evaluated NIR spectra (<i>n</i> = 240) of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from dairy calves (<i>n</i> = 5) undergoing a controlled infection with BRSV. Changes in the organization of the aqueous phase of EBC during the baseline (pre-infection) and infected (post-infection and clinically abnormal) stages were found in the WAMACS (water matrix coordinates) C1, C5, C9, and C11, likely associated with volatile and non-volatile compounds in EBC. The discrimination of these chemical profiles by PCA-LDA models differentiated samples collected during the baseline and infected stages with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity >93% in both the calibration and validation. Thus, biochemical changes occurring during BRSV infection can be detected and evaluated with NIR-aquaphotomics in EBC. These findings form the foundation for developing an innovative, non-invasive, and in-field diagnostic tool to identify BRSV infection in cattle. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:50:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-801676c9fa6f4f01ba971f470ff0f7b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:50:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-801676c9fa6f4f01ba971f470ff0f7b02023-11-23T14:53:36ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-01-0127254910.3390/molecules27020549Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) Infection Detected in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Dairy Calves by Near-Infrared AquaphotomicsMariana Santos-Rivera0Amelia R. Woolums1Merrilee Thoresen2Florencia Meyer3Carrie K. Vance4Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USACollege of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology & Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USACollege of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology & Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USADepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USADepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USABovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major contributor to respiratory disease in cattle worldwide. Traditionally, BRSV infection is detected based on non-specific clinical signs, followed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the results of which can take days to obtain. Near-infrared aquaphotomics evaluation based on biochemical information from biofluids has the potential to support the rapid identification of BRSV infection in the field. This study evaluated NIR spectra (<i>n</i> = 240) of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from dairy calves (<i>n</i> = 5) undergoing a controlled infection with BRSV. Changes in the organization of the aqueous phase of EBC during the baseline (pre-infection) and infected (post-infection and clinically abnormal) stages were found in the WAMACS (water matrix coordinates) C1, C5, C9, and C11, likely associated with volatile and non-volatile compounds in EBC. The discrimination of these chemical profiles by PCA-LDA models differentiated samples collected during the baseline and infected stages with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity >93% in both the calibration and validation. Thus, biochemical changes occurring during BRSV infection can be detected and evaluated with NIR-aquaphotomics in EBC. These findings form the foundation for developing an innovative, non-invasive, and in-field diagnostic tool to identify BRSV infection in cattle.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/2/549absorbancebiofluidcattlechemometricsdiscriminationNIRS |
| spellingShingle | Mariana Santos-Rivera Amelia R. Woolums Merrilee Thoresen Florencia Meyer Carrie K. Vance Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) Infection Detected in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Dairy Calves by Near-Infrared Aquaphotomics Molecules absorbance biofluid cattle chemometrics discrimination NIRS |
| title | Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) Infection Detected in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Dairy Calves by Near-Infrared Aquaphotomics |
| title_full | Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) Infection Detected in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Dairy Calves by Near-Infrared Aquaphotomics |
| title_fullStr | Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) Infection Detected in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Dairy Calves by Near-Infrared Aquaphotomics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) Infection Detected in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Dairy Calves by Near-Infrared Aquaphotomics |
| title_short | Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) Infection Detected in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Dairy Calves by Near-Infrared Aquaphotomics |
| title_sort | bovine respiratory syncytial virus brsv infection detected in exhaled breath condensate of dairy calves by near infrared aquaphotomics |
| topic | absorbance biofluid cattle chemometrics discrimination NIRS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/2/549 |
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