Recent Advances in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Therapies
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was described for the first time in the 1840s and is currently the leading cause of blindness for patients over 65 years in Western Countries. This disease impacts the eye’s posterior segment and damages the macula, a retina section with high levels of photorec...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/16/5089 |
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| author | Marie Fabre Lou Mateo Diana Lamaa Stéphanie Baillif Gilles Pagès Luc Demange Cyril Ronco Rachid Benhida |
| author_facet | Marie Fabre Lou Mateo Diana Lamaa Stéphanie Baillif Gilles Pagès Luc Demange Cyril Ronco Rachid Benhida |
| author_sort | Marie Fabre |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was described for the first time in the 1840s and is currently the leading cause of blindness for patients over 65 years in Western Countries. This disease impacts the eye’s posterior segment and damages the macula, a retina section with high levels of photoreceptor cells and responsible for the central vision. Advanced AMD stages are divided into the atrophic (dry) form and the exudative (wet) form. Atrophic AMD consists in the progressive atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the outer retinal layers, while the exudative form results in the anarchic invasion by choroidal neo-vessels of RPE and the retina. This invasion is responsible for fluid accumulation in the intra/sub-retinal spaces and for a progressive dysfunction of the photoreceptor cells. To date, the few existing anti-AMD therapies may only delay or suspend its progression, without providing cure to patients. However, in the last decade, an outstanding number of research programs targeting its different aspects have been initiated by academics and industrials. This review aims to bring together the most recent advances and insights into the mechanisms underlying AMD pathogenicity and disease evolution, and to highlight the current hypotheses towards the development of new treatments, i.e., symptomatic vs. curative. The therapeutic options and drugs proposed to tackle these mechanisms are analyzed and critically compared. A particular emphasis has been given to the therapeutic agents currently tested in clinical trials, whose results have been carefully collected and discussed whenever possible. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:02:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-801ad72ccc4648a6b6ef0972087a45af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:02:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-801ad72ccc4648a6b6ef0972087a45af2023-12-03T14:10:47ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-08-012716508910.3390/molecules27165089Recent Advances in Age-Related Macular Degeneration TherapiesMarie Fabre0Lou Mateo1Diana Lamaa2Stéphanie Baillif3Gilles Pagès4Luc Demange5Cyril Ronco6Rachid Benhida7Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06108 Nice, FranceInstitut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06108 Nice, FranceCiTCoM, UMR 8038 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris Cité, 4, Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, FranceOphthalmology Department, University Hospital of Nice, 30 Avenue De La Voie Romaine, 06000 Nice, FranceInstitute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), UMR 7284 and INSERM U 1081, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, FranceInstitut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06108 Nice, FranceInstitut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06108 Nice, FranceInstitut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06108 Nice, FranceAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) was described for the first time in the 1840s and is currently the leading cause of blindness for patients over 65 years in Western Countries. This disease impacts the eye’s posterior segment and damages the macula, a retina section with high levels of photoreceptor cells and responsible for the central vision. Advanced AMD stages are divided into the atrophic (dry) form and the exudative (wet) form. Atrophic AMD consists in the progressive atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the outer retinal layers, while the exudative form results in the anarchic invasion by choroidal neo-vessels of RPE and the retina. This invasion is responsible for fluid accumulation in the intra/sub-retinal spaces and for a progressive dysfunction of the photoreceptor cells. To date, the few existing anti-AMD therapies may only delay or suspend its progression, without providing cure to patients. However, in the last decade, an outstanding number of research programs targeting its different aspects have been initiated by academics and industrials. This review aims to bring together the most recent advances and insights into the mechanisms underlying AMD pathogenicity and disease evolution, and to highlight the current hypotheses towards the development of new treatments, i.e., symptomatic vs. curative. The therapeutic options and drugs proposed to tackle these mechanisms are analyzed and critically compared. A particular emphasis has been given to the therapeutic agents currently tested in clinical trials, whose results have been carefully collected and discussed whenever possible.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/16/5089age-related maculopathydry age-related macular degenerationwet age-related macular degenerationeye’s diseaseelderlyclinical trials |
| spellingShingle | Marie Fabre Lou Mateo Diana Lamaa Stéphanie Baillif Gilles Pagès Luc Demange Cyril Ronco Rachid Benhida Recent Advances in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Therapies Molecules age-related maculopathy dry age-related macular degeneration wet age-related macular degeneration eye’s disease elderly clinical trials |
| title | Recent Advances in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Therapies |
| title_full | Recent Advances in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Therapies |
| title_fullStr | Recent Advances in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Therapies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent Advances in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Therapies |
| title_short | Recent Advances in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Therapies |
| title_sort | recent advances in age related macular degeneration therapies |
| topic | age-related maculopathy dry age-related macular degeneration wet age-related macular degeneration eye’s disease elderly clinical trials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/16/5089 |
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