Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory bacterial pathogens in children and adults: cross-sectional surveys in a population with high rates of pneumococcal disease
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To determine the prevalence of carriage of respiratory bacterial pathogens, and the risk factors for and serotype distribution of pneumococcal carriage in an Australian Aboriginal population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2010-10-01
|
| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/10/304 |
| _version_ | 1818541859404775424 |
|---|---|
| author | Carapetis Jonathan R Leach Amanda J Mackenzie Grant A Fisher Janelle Morris Peter S |
| author_facet | Carapetis Jonathan R Leach Amanda J Mackenzie Grant A Fisher Janelle Morris Peter S |
| author_sort | Carapetis Jonathan R |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To determine the prevalence of carriage of respiratory bacterial pathogens, and the risk factors for and serotype distribution of pneumococcal carriage in an Australian Aboriginal population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Surveys of nasopharyngeal carriage of <it>Streptococcus pneumoniae</it>, non-typeable <it>Haemophilus influenzae</it>, and <it>Moraxella catarrhalis </it>were conducted among adults (≥16 years) and children (2 to 15 years) in four rural communities in 2002 and 2004. Infant seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7PCV) with booster 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine was introduced in 2001. Standard microbiological methods were used.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>At the time of the 2002 survey, 94% of eligible children had received catch-up pneumococcal vaccination. 324 adults (538 examinations) and 218 children (350 examinations) were enrolled. Pneumococcal carriage prevalence was 26% (95% CI, 22-30) among adults and 67% (95% CI, 62-72) among children. Carriage of non-typeable <it>H. influenzae </it>among adults and children was 23% (95% CI, 19-27) and 57% (95% CI, 52-63) respectively and for <it>M. catarrhalis</it>, 17% (95% CI, 14-21) and 74% (95% CI, 69-78) respectively. Adult pneumococcal carriage was associated with increasing age (p = 0.0005 test of trend), concurrent carriage of non-typeable <it>H. influenzae </it>(Odds ratio [OR] 6.74; 95% CI, 4.06-11.2) or <it>M. catarrhalis </it>(OR 3.27; 95% CI, 1.97-5.45), male sex (OR 2.21; 95% CI, 1.31-3.73), rhinorrhoea (OR 1.66; 95% CI, 1.05-2.64), and frequent exposure to outside fires (OR 6.89; 95% CI, 1.87-25.4). Among children, pneumococcal carriage was associated with decreasing age (p < 0.0001 test of trend), and carriage of non-typeable <it>H. influenzae </it>(OR 9.34; 95% CI, 4.71-18.5) or <it>M. catarrhalis </it>(OR 2.67; 95% CI, 1.34-5.33). Excluding an outbreak of serotype 1 in children, the percentages of serotypes included in 7, 10, and 13PCV were 23%, 23%, and 29% (adults) and 22%, 24%, and 40% (2-15 years). Dominance of serotype 16F, and persistent 19F and 6B carriage three years after initiation of 7PCV is noteworthy.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Population-based carriage of <it>S. pneumoniae</it>, non-typeable <it>H. influenzae</it>, and <it>M. catarrhalis </it>was high in this Australian Aboriginal population. Reducing smoke exposure may reduce pneumococcal carriage. The indirect effects of 10 or 13PCV, above those of 7PCV, among adults in this population may be limited.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:14:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-801b6fd780104f5d9f1ef7f1ecda4e80 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:14:40Z |
| publishDate | 2010-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-801b6fd780104f5d9f1ef7f1ecda4e802022-12-22T00:48:39ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342010-10-0110130410.1186/1471-2334-10-304Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory bacterial pathogens in children and adults: cross-sectional surveys in a population with high rates of pneumococcal diseaseCarapetis Jonathan RLeach Amanda JMackenzie Grant AFisher JanelleMorris Peter S<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To determine the prevalence of carriage of respiratory bacterial pathogens, and the risk factors for and serotype distribution of pneumococcal carriage in an Australian Aboriginal population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Surveys of nasopharyngeal carriage of <it>Streptococcus pneumoniae</it>, non-typeable <it>Haemophilus influenzae</it>, and <it>Moraxella catarrhalis </it>were conducted among adults (≥16 years) and children (2 to 15 years) in four rural communities in 2002 and 2004. Infant seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7PCV) with booster 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine was introduced in 2001. Standard microbiological methods were used.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>At the time of the 2002 survey, 94% of eligible children had received catch-up pneumococcal vaccination. 324 adults (538 examinations) and 218 children (350 examinations) were enrolled. Pneumococcal carriage prevalence was 26% (95% CI, 22-30) among adults and 67% (95% CI, 62-72) among children. Carriage of non-typeable <it>H. influenzae </it>among adults and children was 23% (95% CI, 19-27) and 57% (95% CI, 52-63) respectively and for <it>M. catarrhalis</it>, 17% (95% CI, 14-21) and 74% (95% CI, 69-78) respectively. Adult pneumococcal carriage was associated with increasing age (p = 0.0005 test of trend), concurrent carriage of non-typeable <it>H. influenzae </it>(Odds ratio [OR] 6.74; 95% CI, 4.06-11.2) or <it>M. catarrhalis </it>(OR 3.27; 95% CI, 1.97-5.45), male sex (OR 2.21; 95% CI, 1.31-3.73), rhinorrhoea (OR 1.66; 95% CI, 1.05-2.64), and frequent exposure to outside fires (OR 6.89; 95% CI, 1.87-25.4). Among children, pneumococcal carriage was associated with decreasing age (p < 0.0001 test of trend), and carriage of non-typeable <it>H. influenzae </it>(OR 9.34; 95% CI, 4.71-18.5) or <it>M. catarrhalis </it>(OR 2.67; 95% CI, 1.34-5.33). Excluding an outbreak of serotype 1 in children, the percentages of serotypes included in 7, 10, and 13PCV were 23%, 23%, and 29% (adults) and 22%, 24%, and 40% (2-15 years). Dominance of serotype 16F, and persistent 19F and 6B carriage three years after initiation of 7PCV is noteworthy.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Population-based carriage of <it>S. pneumoniae</it>, non-typeable <it>H. influenzae</it>, and <it>M. catarrhalis </it>was high in this Australian Aboriginal population. Reducing smoke exposure may reduce pneumococcal carriage. The indirect effects of 10 or 13PCV, above those of 7PCV, among adults in this population may be limited.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/10/304 |
| spellingShingle | Carapetis Jonathan R Leach Amanda J Mackenzie Grant A Fisher Janelle Morris Peter S Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory bacterial pathogens in children and adults: cross-sectional surveys in a population with high rates of pneumococcal disease BMC Infectious Diseases |
| title | Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory bacterial pathogens in children and adults: cross-sectional surveys in a population with high rates of pneumococcal disease |
| title_full | Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory bacterial pathogens in children and adults: cross-sectional surveys in a population with high rates of pneumococcal disease |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory bacterial pathogens in children and adults: cross-sectional surveys in a population with high rates of pneumococcal disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory bacterial pathogens in children and adults: cross-sectional surveys in a population with high rates of pneumococcal disease |
| title_short | Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory bacterial pathogens in children and adults: cross-sectional surveys in a population with high rates of pneumococcal disease |
| title_sort | epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory bacterial pathogens in children and adults cross sectional surveys in a population with high rates of pneumococcal disease |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/10/304 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carapetisjonathanr epidemiologyofnasopharyngealcarriageofrespiratorybacterialpathogensinchildrenandadultscrosssectionalsurveysinapopulationwithhighratesofpneumococcaldisease AT leachamandaj epidemiologyofnasopharyngealcarriageofrespiratorybacterialpathogensinchildrenandadultscrosssectionalsurveysinapopulationwithhighratesofpneumococcaldisease AT mackenziegranta epidemiologyofnasopharyngealcarriageofrespiratorybacterialpathogensinchildrenandadultscrosssectionalsurveysinapopulationwithhighratesofpneumococcaldisease AT fisherjanelle epidemiologyofnasopharyngealcarriageofrespiratorybacterialpathogensinchildrenandadultscrosssectionalsurveysinapopulationwithhighratesofpneumococcaldisease AT morrispeters epidemiologyofnasopharyngealcarriageofrespiratorybacterialpathogensinchildrenandadultscrosssectionalsurveysinapopulationwithhighratesofpneumococcaldisease |