Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents
Microbial gill diseases caused by either opportunistic or specific pathogens are an emerging area of concern for aquaculture producers in part due to their sometimes complex and/or cryptic nature. Many antimicrobial treatments used in aquacultural settings are broad spectrum in nature. The effect of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Animal Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fanim.2021.756101/full |
| _version_ | 1818856561654628352 |
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| author | Joel Slinger Joel Slinger James W. Wynne Mark B. Adams |
| author_facet | Joel Slinger Joel Slinger James W. Wynne Mark B. Adams |
| author_sort | Joel Slinger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microbial gill diseases caused by either opportunistic or specific pathogens are an emerging area of concern for aquaculture producers in part due to their sometimes complex and/or cryptic nature. Many antimicrobial treatments used in aquacultural settings are broad spectrum in nature. The effect of such therapeutics upon reduction and recolonization of commensal or pathogenic microbiota post-treatment has received little attention to date. Commensal bacteria are an integral component of the barrier function of mucosal surfaces in animals. This study evaluated the effect of several commercially relevant antimicrobial treatments upon the diversity and composition of branchial bacteria of Atlantic salmon. Here we exposed Atlantic salmon smolt to a number of commercially relevant antimicrobial treatments including chemotherapeutants (chloramine-t and hydrogen peroxide) and antibiotics (oxytetracycline and florfenicol) in vivo. Subsequently we examined the change in bacterial load, 16S rRNA gene expression, and taxonomic diversity post-treatment upon the gills. Results revealed a decrease in cultivable bacterial colonies after antimicrobial treatment, and a downstream decrease in bacterial richness and abundance post-treatment, with colonization of several prominent pathogenic taxa including Vibrio and Tenacibaculum. Temporal tracing over a 14-day period demonstrated that the bacteriome of gill mucus is sensitive to change, and altered by antimicrobial treatment and handling. This study identified candidate antimicrobial treatments which could be implemented in future studies to illustrate the effect of dysbiosis on microbial gill diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T08:26:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-801d736ff886402a8470bf1c0c57d43c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-6225 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T08:26:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Animal Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-801d736ff886402a8470bf1c0c57d43c2022-12-21T20:29:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Animal Science2673-62252021-11-01210.3389/fanim.2021.756101756101Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial AgentsJoel Slinger0Joel Slinger1James W. Wynne2Mark B. Adams3Livestock and Aquaculture, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Agriculture and Food, Woorim, QLD, AustraliaInstitute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, AustraliaLivestock and Aquaculture, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Agriculture and Food, Hobart, TAS, AustraliaInstitute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, AustraliaMicrobial gill diseases caused by either opportunistic or specific pathogens are an emerging area of concern for aquaculture producers in part due to their sometimes complex and/or cryptic nature. Many antimicrobial treatments used in aquacultural settings are broad spectrum in nature. The effect of such therapeutics upon reduction and recolonization of commensal or pathogenic microbiota post-treatment has received little attention to date. Commensal bacteria are an integral component of the barrier function of mucosal surfaces in animals. This study evaluated the effect of several commercially relevant antimicrobial treatments upon the diversity and composition of branchial bacteria of Atlantic salmon. Here we exposed Atlantic salmon smolt to a number of commercially relevant antimicrobial treatments including chemotherapeutants (chloramine-t and hydrogen peroxide) and antibiotics (oxytetracycline and florfenicol) in vivo. Subsequently we examined the change in bacterial load, 16S rRNA gene expression, and taxonomic diversity post-treatment upon the gills. Results revealed a decrease in cultivable bacterial colonies after antimicrobial treatment, and a downstream decrease in bacterial richness and abundance post-treatment, with colonization of several prominent pathogenic taxa including Vibrio and Tenacibaculum. Temporal tracing over a 14-day period demonstrated that the bacteriome of gill mucus is sensitive to change, and altered by antimicrobial treatment and handling. This study identified candidate antimicrobial treatments which could be implemented in future studies to illustrate the effect of dysbiosis on microbial gill diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fanim.2021.756101/fulldysbiosisAtlantic salmonantimicrobialtreatmentpathobiomemucosal health |
| spellingShingle | Joel Slinger Joel Slinger James W. Wynne Mark B. Adams Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents Frontiers in Animal Science dysbiosis Atlantic salmon antimicrobial treatment pathobiome mucosal health |
| title | Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents |
| title_full | Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents |
| title_fullStr | Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents |
| title_short | Profiling Branchial Bacteria of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Following Exposure to Antimicrobial Agents |
| title_sort | profiling branchial bacteria of atlantic salmon salmo salar l following exposure to antimicrobial agents |
| topic | dysbiosis Atlantic salmon antimicrobial treatment pathobiome mucosal health |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fanim.2021.756101/full |
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