g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Based Photocatalyst for the Efficient Photodegradation of Toxic Methyl Orange Dye: Recent Modifications and Future Perspectives
Industrial effluents containing dyes are the dominant pollutants, making the drinking water unfit. Among the dyes, methylene orange (MO) dye is mutagenic, carcinogenic and toxic to aquatic organisms. Therefore, its removal from water bodies through effective and economical approach is gaining increa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/7/3199 |
| _version_ | 1797607348113506304 |
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| author | Abdulelah Aljuaid Mazen Almehmadi Ahad Amer Alsaiari Mamdouh Allahyani Osama Abdulaziz Abdulaziz Alsharif Jawaher Amer Alsaiari Magdi Saih Rema Turki Alotaibi Idrees Khan |
| author_facet | Abdulelah Aljuaid Mazen Almehmadi Ahad Amer Alsaiari Mamdouh Allahyani Osama Abdulaziz Abdulaziz Alsharif Jawaher Amer Alsaiari Magdi Saih Rema Turki Alotaibi Idrees Khan |
| author_sort | Abdulelah Aljuaid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Industrial effluents containing dyes are the dominant pollutants, making the drinking water unfit. Among the dyes, methylene orange (MO) dye is mutagenic, carcinogenic and toxic to aquatic organisms. Therefore, its removal from water bodies through effective and economical approach is gaining increased attention in the last decades. Photocatalytic degradation has the ability to convert economically complex dye molecules into non-toxic and smaller species via redox reactions, by using photocatalysts. g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> is a metal-free n-type semiconductor, typical nonmetallic and non-toxici polymeric photocatalyst. It widely used in photocatalytic materials, due to its easy and simple synthesis, fascinating electronic band structure, high stability and abundant availability. As a photocatalyst, its major drawbacks are its limited efficiency in separating photo-excited electron–hole pairs, high separated charge recombination, low specific surface area, and low absorption coefficient. In this review, we report the recent modification strategies adopted for g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> for the efficient photodegradation of MO dye. The different modification approaches, such as nanocomposites and heterojunctions, as well as doping and defect introductions, are briefly discussed. The mechanism of the photodegradation of MO dye by g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and future perspectives are discussed. This review paper will predict strategies for the fabrication of an efficient g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based photocatalyst for the photodegradation of MO dye. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:29:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-80362f09ce5949938b9cd2353cb36a06 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:29:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-80362f09ce5949938b9cd2353cb36a062023-11-17T17:15:00ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-04-01287319910.3390/molecules28073199g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Based Photocatalyst for the Efficient Photodegradation of Toxic Methyl Orange Dye: Recent Modifications and Future PerspectivesAbdulelah Aljuaid0Mazen Almehmadi1Ahad Amer Alsaiari2Mamdouh Allahyani3Osama Abdulaziz4Abdulaziz Alsharif5Jawaher Amer Alsaiari6Magdi Saih7Rema Turki Alotaibi8Idrees Khan9Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, ChinaIndustrial effluents containing dyes are the dominant pollutants, making the drinking water unfit. Among the dyes, methylene orange (MO) dye is mutagenic, carcinogenic and toxic to aquatic organisms. Therefore, its removal from water bodies through effective and economical approach is gaining increased attention in the last decades. Photocatalytic degradation has the ability to convert economically complex dye molecules into non-toxic and smaller species via redox reactions, by using photocatalysts. g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> is a metal-free n-type semiconductor, typical nonmetallic and non-toxici polymeric photocatalyst. It widely used in photocatalytic materials, due to its easy and simple synthesis, fascinating electronic band structure, high stability and abundant availability. As a photocatalyst, its major drawbacks are its limited efficiency in separating photo-excited electron–hole pairs, high separated charge recombination, low specific surface area, and low absorption coefficient. In this review, we report the recent modification strategies adopted for g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> for the efficient photodegradation of MO dye. The different modification approaches, such as nanocomposites and heterojunctions, as well as doping and defect introductions, are briefly discussed. The mechanism of the photodegradation of MO dye by g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and future perspectives are discussed. This review paper will predict strategies for the fabrication of an efficient g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based photocatalyst for the photodegradation of MO dye.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/7/3199photodegradationphotocatalystg-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>modificationsmethyl orange |
| spellingShingle | Abdulelah Aljuaid Mazen Almehmadi Ahad Amer Alsaiari Mamdouh Allahyani Osama Abdulaziz Abdulaziz Alsharif Jawaher Amer Alsaiari Magdi Saih Rema Turki Alotaibi Idrees Khan g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Based Photocatalyst for the Efficient Photodegradation of Toxic Methyl Orange Dye: Recent Modifications and Future Perspectives Molecules photodegradation photocatalyst g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> modifications methyl orange |
| title | g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Based Photocatalyst for the Efficient Photodegradation of Toxic Methyl Orange Dye: Recent Modifications and Future Perspectives |
| title_full | g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Based Photocatalyst for the Efficient Photodegradation of Toxic Methyl Orange Dye: Recent Modifications and Future Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Based Photocatalyst for the Efficient Photodegradation of Toxic Methyl Orange Dye: Recent Modifications and Future Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Based Photocatalyst for the Efficient Photodegradation of Toxic Methyl Orange Dye: Recent Modifications and Future Perspectives |
| title_short | g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Based Photocatalyst for the Efficient Photodegradation of Toxic Methyl Orange Dye: Recent Modifications and Future Perspectives |
| title_sort | g c sub 3 sub n sub 4 sub based photocatalyst for the efficient photodegradation of toxic methyl orange dye recent modifications and future perspectives |
| topic | photodegradation photocatalyst g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> modifications methyl orange |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/7/3199 |
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