Electricity Evaluation and Emission Characteristics of Poultry Litter Co-Combustion Process
Electricity generation and emission characteristics during the poultry litter and natural gas co-combustion process has rarely been studied. In this study, a Stirling engine was successfully integrated into the existing lab-scale swirling fluidized bed combustion system in order to further investiga...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/19/4116 |
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| author | Xuejun Qian Seong Lee Raghul Chandrasekaran Yulai Yang Marc Caballes Oludayo Alamu Guangming Chen |
| author_facet | Xuejun Qian Seong Lee Raghul Chandrasekaran Yulai Yang Marc Caballes Oludayo Alamu Guangming Chen |
| author_sort | Xuejun Qian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electricity generation and emission characteristics during the poultry litter and natural gas co-combustion process has rarely been studied. In this study, a Stirling engine was successfully integrated into the existing lab-scale swirling fluidized bed combustion system in order to further investigate the poultry litter and natural gas co-combustion process. Electricity, gaseous emissions, particulate matter (PM), and fly ash composition were analyzed under various operating conditions. Results indicated that the electricity reached 905 W under a water flow rate of 13.1 L/min and an engine head temperature of 584 °C. It was found that excess air (EA) ratios between 0.79 and 1.08 can relatively produce more electricity with lower emissions. At a secondary air (SA) height of 850 mm, secondary air/total air (SA/TA) ratios between 0.22 and 0.44 may significantly reduce NO<sub>x</sub> and CO emissions. By increasing the mixing ratio (MR), SO<sub>2</sub> was reduced while NO<sub>x</sub> increased at the beginning of co-combustion process but then decreased again. Additionally, PM results were lower than Maryland emissions standards. The fly ash results showed a higher nutrient content (close to 16%). This study shows the possibility of using poultry litter as a sustainable energy source for energy production while emitting lower emissions in the small decentralized combustion system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T12:05:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-805375c9cf5841d4b7b8436b84bf64a1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T12:05:51Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-805375c9cf5841d4b7b8436b84bf64a12022-12-22T01:49:28ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172019-10-01919411610.3390/app9194116app9194116Electricity Evaluation and Emission Characteristics of Poultry Litter Co-Combustion ProcessXuejun Qian0Seong Lee1Raghul Chandrasekaran2Yulai Yang3Marc Caballes4Oludayo Alamu5Guangming Chen6Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USAIndustrial and Systems Engineering Department, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USAIndustrial and Systems Engineering Department, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USAIndustrial and Systems Engineering Department, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USAIndustrial and Systems Engineering Department, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USAIndustrial and Systems Engineering Department, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USAIndustrial and Systems Engineering Department, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USAElectricity generation and emission characteristics during the poultry litter and natural gas co-combustion process has rarely been studied. In this study, a Stirling engine was successfully integrated into the existing lab-scale swirling fluidized bed combustion system in order to further investigate the poultry litter and natural gas co-combustion process. Electricity, gaseous emissions, particulate matter (PM), and fly ash composition were analyzed under various operating conditions. Results indicated that the electricity reached 905 W under a water flow rate of 13.1 L/min and an engine head temperature of 584 °C. It was found that excess air (EA) ratios between 0.79 and 1.08 can relatively produce more electricity with lower emissions. At a secondary air (SA) height of 850 mm, secondary air/total air (SA/TA) ratios between 0.22 and 0.44 may significantly reduce NO<sub>x</sub> and CO emissions. By increasing the mixing ratio (MR), SO<sub>2</sub> was reduced while NO<sub>x</sub> increased at the beginning of co-combustion process but then decreased again. Additionally, PM results were lower than Maryland emissions standards. The fly ash results showed a higher nutrient content (close to 16%). This study shows the possibility of using poultry litter as a sustainable energy source for energy production while emitting lower emissions in the small decentralized combustion system.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/19/4116poultry litternatural gaselectricityemissionsparticulate matterfly ashstirling engineenergysustainable |
| spellingShingle | Xuejun Qian Seong Lee Raghul Chandrasekaran Yulai Yang Marc Caballes Oludayo Alamu Guangming Chen Electricity Evaluation and Emission Characteristics of Poultry Litter Co-Combustion Process Applied Sciences poultry litter natural gas electricity emissions particulate matter fly ash stirling engine energy sustainable |
| title | Electricity Evaluation and Emission Characteristics of Poultry Litter Co-Combustion Process |
| title_full | Electricity Evaluation and Emission Characteristics of Poultry Litter Co-Combustion Process |
| title_fullStr | Electricity Evaluation and Emission Characteristics of Poultry Litter Co-Combustion Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electricity Evaluation and Emission Characteristics of Poultry Litter Co-Combustion Process |
| title_short | Electricity Evaluation and Emission Characteristics of Poultry Litter Co-Combustion Process |
| title_sort | electricity evaluation and emission characteristics of poultry litter co combustion process |
| topic | poultry litter natural gas electricity emissions particulate matter fly ash stirling engine energy sustainable |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/19/4116 |
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