Deiktinės sistemos baltų kalbų tarmėse
<p><strong>DEICTIC </strong><strong>SYSTEMS </strong><strong>IN BALTIC DIALECTS</strong></p><p><em>Summary</em></p><p>The article is an attempt to investigate the Baltic deictic systems and to present the motivation of the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | deu |
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Vilnius University
2011-12-01
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| Series: | Baltistica |
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| Online Access: | http://www.baltistica.lt/index.php/baltistica/article/view/1555 |
| Summary: | <p><strong>DEICTIC </strong><strong>SYSTEMS </strong><strong>IN BALTIC DIALECTS</strong></p><p><em>Summary</em></p><p>The article is an attempt to investigate the Baltic deictic systems and to present the motivation of their systematic restructuring. The following conclusions can be drawn:</p><p>1. Binomial deictic systems appear to predominate in Baltic dialects.</p><p>2. The binomial deictic systems (as well as the one-member system in the Samogitian dialect) derive from three-member systems.</p><p>3. The reconstruction of the common Baltic three-member deictic protosystem could be considered valid if it were to be assumed that the pronoun <em>*vin(E) </em><em>(j)is → viņš </em>“that” had been early substituted for the Proto-Latvian pronoun <em>*anas </em>(cf. <em>o-trs </em>“second” < <em>*an-taras).</em></p><p><em>4. </em>Diachronically Lithuanian and Prussian stand in closer affinity to each other than to Latvian; the latter possesses a different pronoun to indicate non-proximity in its three-member deictic system.</p><p>5. Synchronically the Latgalian and the Lithuanian East Highland (Aukštaičiai) subdialects are, however, in closer affinity to each other; they are characterized by structurally similar binomial deictic systems, cf. Lat. <em>itys </em><em>/ </em><em>tys </em>and Lith. <em>itas </em><em>/ tas.</em></p><p>6. The Lithuanian Samogitian dialect and some Latvian Liiv subdialects come close by their one-member deictic systems.</p><p>7. The marked members of modern deictic systems, such as Lith. <em>šitas, </em><em>itas, </em>Lat. <em>šitas, </em><em>itys, </em><em>sitȩntas, šitȩnais, </em>are independent derivatives of individual Baltic dialects. The derivatives in question appeared in dialects after the phonological changes in word-final position.</p><p>8. New deictic systems of demonstrative pronouns can be formed by: a) combining a demonstrative word (local adverb) with a demonstrative pronoun, e.g. Lat. <em>*it(E) </em>“here” + <em>ti/ys → iti/ys, </em>Lith. <em>it(ai) </em>or <em>*it(E) </em>“here” + <em>tas → itas</em>, Lat. <em>šitȩn </em>“here” + <em>tas → šitȩ</em><em>ntas, </em><em>*šitȩnE </em>“here” + <em>(j)is</em> <em>→ </em><em>šitȩnais, </em><em>šitȩneis; </em>b) combining stems of two demonstrative pronouns of a similar deictic meaning, e.g. Lith. <em>ši- + tas → šitas </em>“this”.</p><p>9. Typologically the Prussian language and the Western dialects of East Baits, characterized by binomial deictic systems, approach the Finno-Ugrian languages which have binomial deictic systems as well, cf. Lat. <em>šis </em><em>/ </em><em>tas </em>(Puze, Skrunda), Pruss. <em>schis </em><em>/ </em><em>stas </em>and Est. <em>see </em><em>/ </em><em>too.</em></p><p>10. The binomial deictic systems of the Baltic Eastern dialects are structurally similar to those of the East Slavonic languages, cf. Lat. <em>itys </em><em>j </em><em>tys, </em>Lith. <em>itas </em><em>/ tas </em>and Russ. <em>этот</em><em> </em><em>/ </em><em>mom, </em>Byeloruss. <em>гэтот</em><em> </em><em>/ </em><em>тот</em><em>, </em><em>йэтот</em><em> </em><em>/ </em><em>mom.</em></p>11. The Samogitian dialect and some Liiv subdialects are typologically similar to the Liiv and the Swedish languages by their one-member deictic systems, cf. Liiv <em>sìe, </em>Lat. and Sam. <em>tas, </em>Sw. <em>den. </em>The opposition proximity / non-proximity is expressed by the words “here”/“there”, cf. Sam. <em>šitã˙- tas </em>“this”/<em>untã˙ tàs </em>“that”, Lat. <em>tas te </em>“this”/<em>tas tur </em>“that” and Sw. <em>Derme boka her er bedre enn den boka der.</em> |
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| ISSN: | 0132-6503 2345-0045 |