Oxidative Stress Parameters and Morphological Changes in Japanese Medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) after Acute Exposure to OA-Group Toxins
Toxins of the OA-group (okadaic acid, OA; dinophysistoxin-1, DTX-1) are the most prevalent in the fjords of southern Chile, and are characterized by their potential harmful effects on aquatic organisms. The present study was carried out to determine the acute toxicity of OA/DTX-1 on oxidative stress...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| author | Diego Figueroa Javiera Ríos Oscar F. Araneda Héctor R. Contreras Miguel L. Concha Carlos García |
| author_facet | Diego Figueroa Javiera Ríos Oscar F. Araneda Héctor R. Contreras Miguel L. Concha Carlos García |
| author_sort | Diego Figueroa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Toxins of the OA-group (okadaic acid, OA; dinophysistoxin-1, DTX-1) are the most prevalent in the fjords of southern Chile, and are characterized by their potential harmful effects on aquatic organisms. The present study was carried out to determine the acute toxicity of OA/DTX-1 on oxidative stress parameters in medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) larvae. Medaka larvae were exposed to different concentrations (1.0–30 μg/mL) of OA/DTX-1 for 96 h to determine the median lethal concentration. The LC<sub>50</sub> value after 96 h was 23.5 μg/mL for OA and 16.3 μg/mL for DTX-1 (95% confidence interval, CI was 22.56, 24.43 for OA and 15.42, 17.17 for DTX-1). Subsequently, larvae at 121 hpf were exposed to acute doses (10, 15 and 20 μg/mL OA and 5.0, 7.5 and 11.0 μg/mL DTX-1) for 96 h and every 6 h the corresponding group of larvae was euthanized in order to measure the activity levels of biochemical biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx; and glutathione reductase, GR) as well as the levels of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde, MDA; and carbonyl content). Our results showed that acute doses caused a decrease in SOD (≈25%), CAT (≈55%), and GPx and GR (≈35%) activities, while MDA levels and carbonyl content increased significantly at the same OA/DTX-1 concentrations. This study shows that acute exposure to OA-group toxins tends to simultaneously alter the oxidative parameters that induce sustained morphological damage in medaka larvae. DTX-1 stands out as producing greater inhibition of the antioxidant system, leading to increased oxidative damage in medaka larvae. Considering that DTX-1 is the most prevalent HAB toxin in southern Chile, these findings raise the possibility of an important environmental impact on the larval stages of different fish species present in the southern fjords of the South Pacific. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:58:35Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-805553ac74d047e7a61c8502b9e981162023-11-30T23:06:47ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-12-011311510.3390/life13010015Oxidative Stress Parameters and Morphological Changes in Japanese Medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) after Acute Exposure to OA-Group ToxinsDiego Figueroa0Javiera Ríos1Oscar F. Araneda2Héctor R. Contreras3Miguel L. Concha4Carlos García5Laboratory of Marine Toxins, Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, ChileIntegrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, ChileIntegrative Laboratory of Biomechanics and Physiology of Effort, Kinesiology School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad De Los Andes, Santiago 7620086, ChileLaboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University de Chile, Santiago 8380453, ChileIntegrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, ChileLaboratory of Marine Toxins, Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, ChileToxins of the OA-group (okadaic acid, OA; dinophysistoxin-1, DTX-1) are the most prevalent in the fjords of southern Chile, and are characterized by their potential harmful effects on aquatic organisms. The present study was carried out to determine the acute toxicity of OA/DTX-1 on oxidative stress parameters in medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) larvae. Medaka larvae were exposed to different concentrations (1.0–30 μg/mL) of OA/DTX-1 for 96 h to determine the median lethal concentration. The LC<sub>50</sub> value after 96 h was 23.5 μg/mL for OA and 16.3 μg/mL for DTX-1 (95% confidence interval, CI was 22.56, 24.43 for OA and 15.42, 17.17 for DTX-1). Subsequently, larvae at 121 hpf were exposed to acute doses (10, 15 and 20 μg/mL OA and 5.0, 7.5 and 11.0 μg/mL DTX-1) for 96 h and every 6 h the corresponding group of larvae was euthanized in order to measure the activity levels of biochemical biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx; and glutathione reductase, GR) as well as the levels of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde, MDA; and carbonyl content). Our results showed that acute doses caused a decrease in SOD (≈25%), CAT (≈55%), and GPx and GR (≈35%) activities, while MDA levels and carbonyl content increased significantly at the same OA/DTX-1 concentrations. This study shows that acute exposure to OA-group toxins tends to simultaneously alter the oxidative parameters that induce sustained morphological damage in medaka larvae. DTX-1 stands out as producing greater inhibition of the antioxidant system, leading to increased oxidative damage in medaka larvae. Considering that DTX-1 is the most prevalent HAB toxin in southern Chile, these findings raise the possibility of an important environmental impact on the larval stages of different fish species present in the southern fjords of the South Pacific.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/1/15<i>Oryzias latipes</i>okadaic aciddinophysistoxinoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Diego Figueroa Javiera Ríos Oscar F. Araneda Héctor R. Contreras Miguel L. Concha Carlos García Oxidative Stress Parameters and Morphological Changes in Japanese Medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) after Acute Exposure to OA-Group Toxins Life <i>Oryzias latipes</i> okadaic acid dinophysistoxin oxidative stress |
| title | Oxidative Stress Parameters and Morphological Changes in Japanese Medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) after Acute Exposure to OA-Group Toxins |
| title_full | Oxidative Stress Parameters and Morphological Changes in Japanese Medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) after Acute Exposure to OA-Group Toxins |
| title_fullStr | Oxidative Stress Parameters and Morphological Changes in Japanese Medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) after Acute Exposure to OA-Group Toxins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative Stress Parameters and Morphological Changes in Japanese Medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) after Acute Exposure to OA-Group Toxins |
| title_short | Oxidative Stress Parameters and Morphological Changes in Japanese Medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) after Acute Exposure to OA-Group Toxins |
| title_sort | oxidative stress parameters and morphological changes in japanese medaka i oryzias latipes i after acute exposure to oa group toxins |
| topic | <i>Oryzias latipes</i> okadaic acid dinophysistoxin oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/1/15 |
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