Immune Responses and Performance Are Influenced by Respiratory Vaccine Antigen Type and Stress in Beef Calves
The study objective was to determine if a combined weaning and transportation stress model affected performance, antibody, endocrine, or hematological responses to modified-live virus (MLV) or killed virus (KV) respiratory vaccination in beef steers. In total, 48 calves (Day 0 BW = 226 ± 6.2 kg) fro...
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/7/1119 |
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author | Rachel E. Hudson Dexter J. Tomczak Emily L. Kaufman Ashlee M. Adams Jeffery A. Carroll Paul R. Broadway Michael A. Ballou John T. Richeson |
author_facet | Rachel E. Hudson Dexter J. Tomczak Emily L. Kaufman Ashlee M. Adams Jeffery A. Carroll Paul R. Broadway Michael A. Ballou John T. Richeson |
author_sort | Rachel E. Hudson |
collection | DOAJ |
description | The study objective was to determine if a combined weaning and transportation stress model affected performance, antibody, endocrine, or hematological responses to modified-live virus (MLV) or killed virus (KV) respiratory vaccination in beef steers. In total, 48 calves (Day 0 BW = 226 ± 6.2 kg) from a single origin were used in a 2 × 2 factorial to evaluate main effects of stress model, vaccine type, and their interaction, resulting in four treatments (<i>n</i> = 12/treatment) including non-stress control (C) with KV (CKV), C with MLV (CMLV), stress model implementation (S) with KV (SKV), and S with MLV (SMLV). The C calves were weaned at the origin ranch on Day −37 and transported 472 km to the study site on Day −21 to allow acclimation. The S calves were weaned on Day −3, transported 460 km to a research facility on Day −2, held overnight, and transported 164 km to the study site on Day −1 to mimic the beef cattle marketing process. Vaccines were administered on Day 0 and KV was revaccinated on Day 14. The animal was the experimental unit and dependent variables were analyzed using PROC MIXED with repeated measures (day). A stress model effect (<i>p</i> = 0.01) existed for DMI from Day 0 to Day 7 with greater DMI for C (6.19 vs. 4.64 kg/day) when compared to S. The MLV groups had reduced (<i>p</i> = 0.05) ADG from Day 0 to Day 56, compared to KV. There was a vaccine type × day (<i>p</i> < 0.01) interaction with increased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) PI3V- and IBRV-specific antibody titers for KV on Day 21; conversely, MLV had increased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) BVDV titers on Days 14, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56. Increased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) BRSV titers were observed in a stress model × day (<i>p</i> < 0.01) interaction for S on Days 21, 28, 36, and 42; however, C exceeded S in BVDV-specific antibody concentration on Days 21, 28, and 49. A day effect (<i>p</i> < 0.01) was observed for serum haptoglobin with the greatest (<i>p</i> < 0.01) concentration on Day 3. Serum cortisol concentration was greater (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.04) for C vs. S on Days −2, 0, 1, 3, and 5. Total leukocytes were decreased for C vs. S on Days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.02). A reduction (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.04) in total leukocytes was observed for MLV on Days 5, 7, and 14 vs. KV. Neutrophils and neutrophil:lymphocyte were markedly increased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) for S on Day −2, whereas neutrophils were decreased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) on Days 1 and 21 for S. Monocytes were decreased on Days 1, 5 and 7 for MLV (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.04) and Days −2 to 14 for S (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.03). Eosinophils were reduced (<i>p</i> = 0.007) for S vs. C on Day −2, yet a distinct rebound response (<i>p</i> = 0.03) was noted for S on Day 0. The results indicate that S and MLV vaccination more profoundly induced immunomodulation in beef calves. |
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issn | 2076-2615 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:48:28Z |
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spelling | doaj.art-805c825d49794c218de07255086d818e2023-11-20T05:21:54ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-06-01107111910.3390/ani10071119Immune Responses and Performance Are Influenced by Respiratory Vaccine Antigen Type and Stress in Beef CalvesRachel E. Hudson0Dexter J. Tomczak1Emily L. Kaufman2Ashlee M. Adams3Jeffery A. Carroll4Paul R. Broadway5Michael A. Ballou6John T. Richeson7Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USADepartment of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USADepartment of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USADepartment of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USALivestock Issues Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX 79403, USALivestock Issues Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lubbock, TX 79403, USADepartment of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79415, USADepartment of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USAThe study objective was to determine if a combined weaning and transportation stress model affected performance, antibody, endocrine, or hematological responses to modified-live virus (MLV) or killed virus (KV) respiratory vaccination in beef steers. In total, 48 calves (Day 0 BW = 226 ± 6.2 kg) from a single origin were used in a 2 × 2 factorial to evaluate main effects of stress model, vaccine type, and their interaction, resulting in four treatments (<i>n</i> = 12/treatment) including non-stress control (C) with KV (CKV), C with MLV (CMLV), stress model implementation (S) with KV (SKV), and S with MLV (SMLV). The C calves were weaned at the origin ranch on Day −37 and transported 472 km to the study site on Day −21 to allow acclimation. The S calves were weaned on Day −3, transported 460 km to a research facility on Day −2, held overnight, and transported 164 km to the study site on Day −1 to mimic the beef cattle marketing process. Vaccines were administered on Day 0 and KV was revaccinated on Day 14. The animal was the experimental unit and dependent variables were analyzed using PROC MIXED with repeated measures (day). A stress model effect (<i>p</i> = 0.01) existed for DMI from Day 0 to Day 7 with greater DMI for C (6.19 vs. 4.64 kg/day) when compared to S. The MLV groups had reduced (<i>p</i> = 0.05) ADG from Day 0 to Day 56, compared to KV. There was a vaccine type × day (<i>p</i> < 0.01) interaction with increased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) PI3V- and IBRV-specific antibody titers for KV on Day 21; conversely, MLV had increased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) BVDV titers on Days 14, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56. Increased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) BRSV titers were observed in a stress model × day (<i>p</i> < 0.01) interaction for S on Days 21, 28, 36, and 42; however, C exceeded S in BVDV-specific antibody concentration on Days 21, 28, and 49. A day effect (<i>p</i> < 0.01) was observed for serum haptoglobin with the greatest (<i>p</i> < 0.01) concentration on Day 3. Serum cortisol concentration was greater (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.04) for C vs. S on Days −2, 0, 1, 3, and 5. Total leukocytes were decreased for C vs. S on Days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.02). A reduction (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.04) in total leukocytes was observed for MLV on Days 5, 7, and 14 vs. KV. Neutrophils and neutrophil:lymphocyte were markedly increased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) for S on Day −2, whereas neutrophils were decreased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01) on Days 1 and 21 for S. Monocytes were decreased on Days 1, 5 and 7 for MLV (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.04) and Days −2 to 14 for S (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.03). Eosinophils were reduced (<i>p</i> = 0.007) for S vs. C on Day −2, yet a distinct rebound response (<i>p</i> = 0.03) was noted for S on Day 0. The results indicate that S and MLV vaccination more profoundly induced immunomodulation in beef calves.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/7/1119antibodybeef calvesphysiological stressvaccination |
spellingShingle | Rachel E. Hudson Dexter J. Tomczak Emily L. Kaufman Ashlee M. Adams Jeffery A. Carroll Paul R. Broadway Michael A. Ballou John T. Richeson Immune Responses and Performance Are Influenced by Respiratory Vaccine Antigen Type and Stress in Beef Calves Animals antibody beef calves physiological stress vaccination |
title | Immune Responses and Performance Are Influenced by Respiratory Vaccine Antigen Type and Stress in Beef Calves |
title_full | Immune Responses and Performance Are Influenced by Respiratory Vaccine Antigen Type and Stress in Beef Calves |
title_fullStr | Immune Responses and Performance Are Influenced by Respiratory Vaccine Antigen Type and Stress in Beef Calves |
title_full_unstemmed | Immune Responses and Performance Are Influenced by Respiratory Vaccine Antigen Type and Stress in Beef Calves |
title_short | Immune Responses and Performance Are Influenced by Respiratory Vaccine Antigen Type and Stress in Beef Calves |
title_sort | immune responses and performance are influenced by respiratory vaccine antigen type and stress in beef calves |
topic | antibody beef calves physiological stress vaccination |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/7/1119 |
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