Nonclassical Islet Peptides: Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic Actions
The pancreas has physiologically important endocrine and exocrine functions; secreting enzymes into the small intestine to aid digestion and releasing multiple peptide hormones via the islets of Langerhans to regulate glucose metabolism, respectively. Insulin and glucagon, in combination with ghreli...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SAGE Publishing
2019-12-01
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| Series: | Clinical Medicine Insights: Endocrinology and Diabetes |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/1179551419888871 |
| _version_ | 1818849454044741632 |
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| author | Andrew English Nigel Irwin |
| author_facet | Andrew English Nigel Irwin |
| author_sort | Andrew English |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The pancreas has physiologically important endocrine and exocrine functions; secreting enzymes into the small intestine to aid digestion and releasing multiple peptide hormones via the islets of Langerhans to regulate glucose metabolism, respectively. Insulin and glucagon, in combination with ghrelin, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin, are the main classical islet peptides critical for the maintenance of blood glucose. However, pancreatic islets also synthesis numerous ‘nonclassical’ peptides that have recently been demonstrated to exert fundamental effects on overall islet function and metabolism. As such, insights into the physiological relevance of these nonclassical peptides have shown impact on glucose metabolism, insulin action, cell survival, weight loss, and energy expenditure. This review will focus on the role of individual nonclassical islet peptides to stimulate pancreatic islet secretions as well as regulate metabolism. In addition, the more recognised actions of these peptides on satiety and energy regulation will also be considered. Furthermore, recent advances in the field of peptide therapeutics and obesity-diabetes have focused on the benefits of simultaneously targeting several hormone receptor signalling cascades. The potential for nonclassical islet hormones within such combinational approaches will also be discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T06:33:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-806a0560aada42ce9b8a8363d7f57699 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1179-5514 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T06:33:29Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical Medicine Insights: Endocrinology and Diabetes |
| spelling | doaj.art-806a0560aada42ce9b8a8363d7f576992022-12-21T20:32:17ZengSAGE PublishingClinical Medicine Insights: Endocrinology and Diabetes1179-55142019-12-011210.1177/1179551419888871Nonclassical Islet Peptides: Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic ActionsAndrew EnglishNigel IrwinThe pancreas has physiologically important endocrine and exocrine functions; secreting enzymes into the small intestine to aid digestion and releasing multiple peptide hormones via the islets of Langerhans to regulate glucose metabolism, respectively. Insulin and glucagon, in combination with ghrelin, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin, are the main classical islet peptides critical for the maintenance of blood glucose. However, pancreatic islets also synthesis numerous ‘nonclassical’ peptides that have recently been demonstrated to exert fundamental effects on overall islet function and metabolism. As such, insights into the physiological relevance of these nonclassical peptides have shown impact on glucose metabolism, insulin action, cell survival, weight loss, and energy expenditure. This review will focus on the role of individual nonclassical islet peptides to stimulate pancreatic islet secretions as well as regulate metabolism. In addition, the more recognised actions of these peptides on satiety and energy regulation will also be considered. Furthermore, recent advances in the field of peptide therapeutics and obesity-diabetes have focused on the benefits of simultaneously targeting several hormone receptor signalling cascades. The potential for nonclassical islet hormones within such combinational approaches will also be discussed.https://doi.org/10.1177/1179551419888871 |
| spellingShingle | Andrew English Nigel Irwin Nonclassical Islet Peptides: Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic Actions Clinical Medicine Insights: Endocrinology and Diabetes |
| title | Nonclassical Islet Peptides: Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic Actions |
| title_full | Nonclassical Islet Peptides: Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic Actions |
| title_fullStr | Nonclassical Islet Peptides: Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic Actions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nonclassical Islet Peptides: Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic Actions |
| title_short | Nonclassical Islet Peptides: Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic Actions |
| title_sort | nonclassical islet peptides pancreatic and extrapancreatic actions |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/1179551419888871 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT andrewenglish nonclassicalisletpeptidespancreaticandextrapancreaticactions AT nigelirwin nonclassicalisletpeptidespancreaticandextrapancreaticactions |