Factors Influencing the Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Behavior of Unstabilized Rammed Earth Walls
Waterproof capacity, thermal isolation, and pushover strength are the main characteristics when an unstabilized rammed earth (URE) wall is constructed. In this paper, a comprehensive numerical simulation model is built to evaluate the effect of 15 different factors on those three aforementioned prop...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/24/8821 |
| _version_ | 1797456597865201664 |
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| author | Xiang Zhang Hossein Nowamooz |
| author_facet | Xiang Zhang Hossein Nowamooz |
| author_sort | Xiang Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Waterproof capacity, thermal isolation, and pushover strength are the main characteristics when an unstabilized rammed earth (URE) wall is constructed. In this paper, a comprehensive numerical simulation model is built to evaluate the effect of 15 different factors on those three aforementioned properties of URE walls. The simulation results show that the hydraulic, thermal, and mechanical properties of the wall are interconnected. It is found that the waterproof capacity of the wall can be mainly improved by increasing the dry density, decreasing the rising damp effect, and reducing the fine content value of the wall. The thermal insulation characteristic of the wall can be ameliorated by increasing the wall thickness and reducing the rising damp effect, fine content, and dry density. In addition, the pushover capacity of the wall can be strengthened by increasing the wall width, fine content, wall thickness, and vertical load and decreasing the rising dampness and wall height. In addition, time has a positive effect on the waterproof capacity, thermal insulation, and mechanical strength of URE walls. These properties change significantly in the first 100 days and then stabilize after 180 days for a typical URE wall. Eventually, a new theoretical approach is proposed to predict the long-term THM behavior of URE walls by considering the 15 factors in its framework. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:09:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-806f7f9b85d9406583932775a6022e30 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:09:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-806f7f9b85d9406583932775a6022e302023-11-24T16:22:13ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-12-011524882110.3390/ma15248821Factors Influencing the Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Behavior of Unstabilized Rammed Earth WallsXiang Zhang0Hossein Nowamooz1ICube, UMR 7357, CNRS, INSA de Strasbourg, 24 Boulevard de la Victoire, 67084 Strasbourg, FranceICube, UMR 7357, CNRS, INSA de Strasbourg, 24 Boulevard de la Victoire, 67084 Strasbourg, FranceWaterproof capacity, thermal isolation, and pushover strength are the main characteristics when an unstabilized rammed earth (URE) wall is constructed. In this paper, a comprehensive numerical simulation model is built to evaluate the effect of 15 different factors on those three aforementioned properties of URE walls. The simulation results show that the hydraulic, thermal, and mechanical properties of the wall are interconnected. It is found that the waterproof capacity of the wall can be mainly improved by increasing the dry density, decreasing the rising damp effect, and reducing the fine content value of the wall. The thermal insulation characteristic of the wall can be ameliorated by increasing the wall thickness and reducing the rising damp effect, fine content, and dry density. In addition, the pushover capacity of the wall can be strengthened by increasing the wall width, fine content, wall thickness, and vertical load and decreasing the rising dampness and wall height. In addition, time has a positive effect on the waterproof capacity, thermal insulation, and mechanical strength of URE walls. These properties change significantly in the first 100 days and then stabilize after 180 days for a typical URE wall. Eventually, a new theoretical approach is proposed to predict the long-term THM behavior of URE walls by considering the 15 factors in its framework.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/24/8821unstabilized rammed earth (URE) materialsenvironmental solicitationsrising damptime effectthermal-hydro-mechanical couplingnumerical simulations |
| spellingShingle | Xiang Zhang Hossein Nowamooz Factors Influencing the Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Behavior of Unstabilized Rammed Earth Walls Materials unstabilized rammed earth (URE) materials environmental solicitations rising damp time effect thermal-hydro-mechanical coupling numerical simulations |
| title | Factors Influencing the Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Behavior of Unstabilized Rammed Earth Walls |
| title_full | Factors Influencing the Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Behavior of Unstabilized Rammed Earth Walls |
| title_fullStr | Factors Influencing the Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Behavior of Unstabilized Rammed Earth Walls |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factors Influencing the Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Behavior of Unstabilized Rammed Earth Walls |
| title_short | Factors Influencing the Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Behavior of Unstabilized Rammed Earth Walls |
| title_sort | factors influencing the thermo hydro mechanical behavior of unstabilized rammed earth walls |
| topic | unstabilized rammed earth (URE) materials environmental solicitations rising damp time effect thermal-hydro-mechanical coupling numerical simulations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/24/8821 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiangzhang factorsinfluencingthethermohydromechanicalbehaviorofunstabilizedrammedearthwalls AT hosseinnowamooz factorsinfluencingthethermohydromechanicalbehaviorofunstabilizedrammedearthwalls |