Iron Metabolism of the Skin: Recycling versus Release
The skin protects the body against exogenous stressors. Its function is partially achieved by the permanent regeneration of the epidermis, which requires high metabolic activity and the shedding of superficial cells, leading to the loss of metabolites. Iron is involved in a plethora of important epi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/9/1005 |
| _version_ | 1797578889025814528 |
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| author | Marta Surbek Supawadee Sukseree Leopold Eckhart |
| author_facet | Marta Surbek Supawadee Sukseree Leopold Eckhart |
| author_sort | Marta Surbek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The skin protects the body against exogenous stressors. Its function is partially achieved by the permanent regeneration of the epidermis, which requires high metabolic activity and the shedding of superficial cells, leading to the loss of metabolites. Iron is involved in a plethora of important epidermal processes, including cellular respiration and detoxification of xenobiotics. Likewise, microorganisms on the surface of the skin depend on iron, which is supplied by the turnover of epithelial cells. Here, we review the metabolism of iron in the skin with a particular focus on the fate of iron in epidermal keratinocytes. The iron metabolism of the epidermis is controlled by genes that are differentially expressed in the inner and outer layers of the epidermis, establishing a system that supports the recycling of iron and counteracts the release of iron from the skin surface. Heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), ferroportin (SLC40A1) and hephaestin-like 1 (HEPHL1) are constitutively expressed in terminally differentiated keratinocytes and allow the recycling of iron from heme prior to the cornification of keratinocytes. We discuss the evidence for changes in the epidermal iron metabolism in diseases and explore promising topics of future studies of iron-dependent processes in the skin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:28:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8072676a115d4771a457f7c4cb6e9acf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:28:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-8072676a115d4771a457f7c4cb6e9acf2023-11-19T11:55:26ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-09-01139100510.3390/metabo13091005Iron Metabolism of the Skin: Recycling versus ReleaseMarta Surbek0Supawadee Sukseree1Leopold Eckhart2Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, AustriaThe skin protects the body against exogenous stressors. Its function is partially achieved by the permanent regeneration of the epidermis, which requires high metabolic activity and the shedding of superficial cells, leading to the loss of metabolites. Iron is involved in a plethora of important epidermal processes, including cellular respiration and detoxification of xenobiotics. Likewise, microorganisms on the surface of the skin depend on iron, which is supplied by the turnover of epithelial cells. Here, we review the metabolism of iron in the skin with a particular focus on the fate of iron in epidermal keratinocytes. The iron metabolism of the epidermis is controlled by genes that are differentially expressed in the inner and outer layers of the epidermis, establishing a system that supports the recycling of iron and counteracts the release of iron from the skin surface. Heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), ferroportin (SLC40A1) and hephaestin-like 1 (HEPHL1) are constitutively expressed in terminally differentiated keratinocytes and allow the recycling of iron from heme prior to the cornification of keratinocytes. We discuss the evidence for changes in the epidermal iron metabolism in diseases and explore promising topics of future studies of iron-dependent processes in the skin.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/9/1005epidermisepitheliumferroptosisferroportinheme oxygenasehair |
| spellingShingle | Marta Surbek Supawadee Sukseree Leopold Eckhart Iron Metabolism of the Skin: Recycling versus Release Metabolites epidermis epithelium ferroptosis ferroportin heme oxygenase hair |
| title | Iron Metabolism of the Skin: Recycling versus Release |
| title_full | Iron Metabolism of the Skin: Recycling versus Release |
| title_fullStr | Iron Metabolism of the Skin: Recycling versus Release |
| title_full_unstemmed | Iron Metabolism of the Skin: Recycling versus Release |
| title_short | Iron Metabolism of the Skin: Recycling versus Release |
| title_sort | iron metabolism of the skin recycling versus release |
| topic | epidermis epithelium ferroptosis ferroportin heme oxygenase hair |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/9/1005 |
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