The Association of Knowledge and Behaviours Related to Salt with 24-h Urinary Salt Excretion in a Population from North and South India
Consumer knowledge is understood to play a role in managing risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and may be influenced by level of education. The association between population knowledge, behaviours and actual salt consumption was explored overall, and for more-educated compared to le...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-02-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/2/144 |
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| author | Claire Johnson Sailesh Mohan Kris Rogers Roopa Shivashankar Sudhir Raj Thout Priti Gupta Feng J. He Graham A. MacGregor Jacqui Webster Anand Krishnan Pallab K. Maulik K. Srinath Reddy Dorairaj Prabhakaran Bruce Neal |
| author_facet | Claire Johnson Sailesh Mohan Kris Rogers Roopa Shivashankar Sudhir Raj Thout Priti Gupta Feng J. He Graham A. MacGregor Jacqui Webster Anand Krishnan Pallab K. Maulik K. Srinath Reddy Dorairaj Prabhakaran Bruce Neal |
| author_sort | Claire Johnson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Consumer knowledge is understood to play a role in managing risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and may be influenced by level of education. The association between population knowledge, behaviours and actual salt consumption was explored overall, and for more-educated compared to less-educated individuals. A cross-sectional survey was done in an age-and sex-stratified random sample of 1395 participants from urban and rural areas of North and South India. A single 24-h urine sample, participants’ physical measurements and questionnaire data were collected. The mean age of participants was 40 years, 47% were women and mean 24-h urinary salt excretion was 9.27 (8.87–9.69) g/day. Many participants reported favourable knowledge and behaviours to minimise risks related to salt. Several of these behaviours were associated with reduced salt intake—less use of salt while cooking, avoidance of snacks, namkeens, and avoidance of pickles (all p < 0.003). Mean salt intake was comparable in more-educated (9.21, 8.55–9.87 g/day) versus less-educated (9.34, 8.57–10.12 g/day) individuals (p = 0.82). There was no substantively different pattern of knowledge and behaviours between more-versus less-educated groups and no clear evidence that level of education influenced salt intake. Several consumer behaviours related to use of salt during food preparation and consumption of salty products were related to actual salt consumption and therefore appear to offer an opportunity for intervention. These would be a reasonable focus for a government-led education campaign targeting salt. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:59:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-80762ef214dc4abbb1cd3cfde4de608d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:59:33Z |
| publishDate | 2017-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-80762ef214dc4abbb1cd3cfde4de608d2022-12-22T03:58:14ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432017-02-019214410.3390/nu9020144nu9020144The Association of Knowledge and Behaviours Related to Salt with 24-h Urinary Salt Excretion in a Population from North and South IndiaClaire Johnson0Sailesh Mohan1Kris Rogers2Roopa Shivashankar3Sudhir Raj Thout4Priti Gupta5Feng J. He6Graham A. MacGregor7Jacqui Webster8Anand Krishnan9Pallab K. Maulik10K. Srinath Reddy11Dorairaj Prabhakaran12Bruce Neal13The George Institute for Global Health, Box M201 Missenden Rd, Sydney 2006, AustraliaPublic Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 110070, IndiaThe George Institute for Global Health, Box M201 Missenden Rd, Sydney 2006, AustraliaPublic Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 110070, IndiaGeorge Institute for Global Health, Hyderabad 500034, IndiaPublic Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 110070, IndiaWolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UKWolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UKThe George Institute for Global Health, Box M201 Missenden Rd, Sydney 2006, AustraliaAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, IndiaGeorge Institute for Global Health, Hyderabad 500034, IndiaPublic Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 110070, IndiaPublic Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 110070, IndiaThe George Institute for Global Health, Box M201 Missenden Rd, Sydney 2006, AustraliaConsumer knowledge is understood to play a role in managing risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and may be influenced by level of education. The association between population knowledge, behaviours and actual salt consumption was explored overall, and for more-educated compared to less-educated individuals. A cross-sectional survey was done in an age-and sex-stratified random sample of 1395 participants from urban and rural areas of North and South India. A single 24-h urine sample, participants’ physical measurements and questionnaire data were collected. The mean age of participants was 40 years, 47% were women and mean 24-h urinary salt excretion was 9.27 (8.87–9.69) g/day. Many participants reported favourable knowledge and behaviours to minimise risks related to salt. Several of these behaviours were associated with reduced salt intake—less use of salt while cooking, avoidance of snacks, namkeens, and avoidance of pickles (all p < 0.003). Mean salt intake was comparable in more-educated (9.21, 8.55–9.87 g/day) versus less-educated (9.34, 8.57–10.12 g/day) individuals (p = 0.82). There was no substantively different pattern of knowledge and behaviours between more-versus less-educated groups and no clear evidence that level of education influenced salt intake. Several consumer behaviours related to use of salt during food preparation and consumption of salty products were related to actual salt consumption and therefore appear to offer an opportunity for intervention. These would be a reasonable focus for a government-led education campaign targeting salt.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/2/144Indiasalturinary sodium excretionknowledgeattitudebehaviour |
| spellingShingle | Claire Johnson Sailesh Mohan Kris Rogers Roopa Shivashankar Sudhir Raj Thout Priti Gupta Feng J. He Graham A. MacGregor Jacqui Webster Anand Krishnan Pallab K. Maulik K. Srinath Reddy Dorairaj Prabhakaran Bruce Neal The Association of Knowledge and Behaviours Related to Salt with 24-h Urinary Salt Excretion in a Population from North and South India Nutrients India salt urinary sodium excretion knowledge attitude behaviour |
| title | The Association of Knowledge and Behaviours Related to Salt with 24-h Urinary Salt Excretion in a Population from North and South India |
| title_full | The Association of Knowledge and Behaviours Related to Salt with 24-h Urinary Salt Excretion in a Population from North and South India |
| title_fullStr | The Association of Knowledge and Behaviours Related to Salt with 24-h Urinary Salt Excretion in a Population from North and South India |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Association of Knowledge and Behaviours Related to Salt with 24-h Urinary Salt Excretion in a Population from North and South India |
| title_short | The Association of Knowledge and Behaviours Related to Salt with 24-h Urinary Salt Excretion in a Population from North and South India |
| title_sort | association of knowledge and behaviours related to salt with 24 h urinary salt excretion in a population from north and south india |
| topic | India salt urinary sodium excretion knowledge attitude behaviour |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/2/144 |
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