Sources and characteristics of size-resolved particulate organic acids and methanesulfonate in a coastal megacity: Manila, Philippines
<p>A 16-month (July 2018–October 2019) dataset of size-resolved aerosol composition is used to examine the sources and characteristics of five organic acids (oxalate, succinate, adipate, maleate, phthalate) and methanesulfonate (MSA) in Metro Manila, Philippines. As one of the most polluted me...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2020-12-01
|
| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/15907/2020/acp-20-15907-2020.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819077581424558080 |
|---|---|
| author | C. Stahl M. T. Cruz M. T. Cruz P. A. Bañaga P. A. Bañaga G. Betito G. Betito R. A. Braun M. A. Aghdam M. O. Cambaliza M. O. Cambaliza G. R. Lorenzo G. R. Lorenzo A. B. MacDonald M. R. A. Hilario P. C. Pabroa J. R. Yee J. B. Simpas J. B. Simpas A. Sorooshian A. Sorooshian |
| author_facet | C. Stahl M. T. Cruz M. T. Cruz P. A. Bañaga P. A. Bañaga G. Betito G. Betito R. A. Braun M. A. Aghdam M. O. Cambaliza M. O. Cambaliza G. R. Lorenzo G. R. Lorenzo A. B. MacDonald M. R. A. Hilario P. C. Pabroa J. R. Yee J. B. Simpas J. B. Simpas A. Sorooshian A. Sorooshian |
| author_sort | C. Stahl |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>A 16-month (July 2018–October 2019) dataset of size-resolved aerosol
composition is used to examine the sources and characteristics of five
organic acids (oxalate, succinate, adipate, maleate, phthalate) and
methanesulfonate (MSA) in Metro Manila, Philippines. As one of the most
polluted megacities globally, Metro Manila offers a view of how diverse
sources and meteorology impact the relative amounts and size distributions
of these species. A total of 66 sample sets were collected with a
Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI), of which 54 sets were
analyzed for composition. Organic acids and MSA surprisingly were less
abundant than in other global regions that are also densely populated. The
combined species accounted for an average of 0.80 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 0.66 % of total
gravimetric mass between 0.056 and 18 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>m, still leaving 33.74 % of
mass unaccounted for after considering black carbon and water-soluble ions
and elements. The unresolved mass is suggested to consist of
non-water-soluble metals as well as both water-soluble and non-water-soluble
organics. Oxalate was approximately an order of magnitude more abundant than
the other five species (149 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 94 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> versus others being
<span class="inline-formula"><</span> 10 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>) across the 0.056–18 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>m size range. Both
positive matrix factorization (PMF) and correlation analysis are conducted
with tracer species to investigate the possible sources of organic acids
and MSA. Enhanced biomass burning influence in the 2018 southwest monsoon
resulted in especially high levels of submicrometer succinate, MSA, oxalate,
and phthalate. Peculiarly, MSA had negligible contributions from marine
sources but instead was linked to biomass burning and combustion. Enhanced
precipitation during the two monsoon seasons (8 June–4 October 2018 and
14 June–7 October 2019) coincided with a stronger influence from local
emissions rather than long-range transport, leading to notable concentration
enhancements in both the sub- and supermicrometer ranges for some species
(e.g., maleate and phthalate). While secondary formation via gas-to-particle
conversion is consistent with submicrometer peaks for the organic acids and
MSA, several species (i.e., phthalate, adipate, succinate, oxalate)
exhibited a prominent peak in the coarse mode, largely owing to their
association with crustal emissions (i.e., more alkaline aerosol type) rather
than sea salt. Oxalate's strong association with sulfate in the
submicrometer mode supports an aqueous-phase formation pathway for the study
region. However, high concentrations during periods of low rain and high
solar radiation suggest photo-oxidation is an important formation pathway.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T18:59:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-80778b3eca0f4bbbb72cacfcc350cd86 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T18:59:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-80778b3eca0f4bbbb72cacfcc350cd862022-12-21T18:53:32ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242020-12-0120159071593510.5194/acp-20-15907-2020Sources and characteristics of size-resolved particulate organic acids and methanesulfonate in a coastal megacity: Manila, PhilippinesC. Stahl0M. T. Cruz1M. T. Cruz2P. A. Bañaga3P. A. Bañaga4G. Betito5G. Betito6R. A. Braun7M. A. Aghdam8M. O. Cambaliza9M. O. Cambaliza10G. R. Lorenzo11G. R. Lorenzo12A. B. MacDonald13M. R. A. Hilario14P. C. Pabroa15J. R. Yee16J. B. Simpas17J. B. Simpas18A. Sorooshian19A. Sorooshian20Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USAManila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, PhilippinesInstitute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, PhilippinesManila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, PhilippinesDepartment of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, PhilippinesManila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, PhilippinesDepartment of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, PhilippinesDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USADepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USAManila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, PhilippinesDepartment of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, PhilippinesManila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, PhilippinesDepartment of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USADepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USAManila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, PhilippinesPhilippine Nuclear Research Institute – Department of Science and Technology, Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, PhilippinesPhilippine Nuclear Research Institute – Department of Science and Technology, Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, PhilippinesManila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, PhilippinesDepartment of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, PhilippinesDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USADepartment of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA<p>A 16-month (July 2018–October 2019) dataset of size-resolved aerosol composition is used to examine the sources and characteristics of five organic acids (oxalate, succinate, adipate, maleate, phthalate) and methanesulfonate (MSA) in Metro Manila, Philippines. As one of the most polluted megacities globally, Metro Manila offers a view of how diverse sources and meteorology impact the relative amounts and size distributions of these species. A total of 66 sample sets were collected with a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI), of which 54 sets were analyzed for composition. Organic acids and MSA surprisingly were less abundant than in other global regions that are also densely populated. The combined species accounted for an average of 0.80 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 0.66 % of total gravimetric mass between 0.056 and 18 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>m, still leaving 33.74 % of mass unaccounted for after considering black carbon and water-soluble ions and elements. The unresolved mass is suggested to consist of non-water-soluble metals as well as both water-soluble and non-water-soluble organics. Oxalate was approximately an order of magnitude more abundant than the other five species (149 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 94 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> versus others being <span class="inline-formula"><</span> 10 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>) across the 0.056–18 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>m size range. Both positive matrix factorization (PMF) and correlation analysis are conducted with tracer species to investigate the possible sources of organic acids and MSA. Enhanced biomass burning influence in the 2018 southwest monsoon resulted in especially high levels of submicrometer succinate, MSA, oxalate, and phthalate. Peculiarly, MSA had negligible contributions from marine sources but instead was linked to biomass burning and combustion. Enhanced precipitation during the two monsoon seasons (8 June–4 October 2018 and 14 June–7 October 2019) coincided with a stronger influence from local emissions rather than long-range transport, leading to notable concentration enhancements in both the sub- and supermicrometer ranges for some species (e.g., maleate and phthalate). While secondary formation via gas-to-particle conversion is consistent with submicrometer peaks for the organic acids and MSA, several species (i.e., phthalate, adipate, succinate, oxalate) exhibited a prominent peak in the coarse mode, largely owing to their association with crustal emissions (i.e., more alkaline aerosol type) rather than sea salt. Oxalate's strong association with sulfate in the submicrometer mode supports an aqueous-phase formation pathway for the study region. However, high concentrations during periods of low rain and high solar radiation suggest photo-oxidation is an important formation pathway.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/15907/2020/acp-20-15907-2020.pdf |
| spellingShingle | C. Stahl M. T. Cruz M. T. Cruz P. A. Bañaga P. A. Bañaga G. Betito G. Betito R. A. Braun M. A. Aghdam M. O. Cambaliza M. O. Cambaliza G. R. Lorenzo G. R. Lorenzo A. B. MacDonald M. R. A. Hilario P. C. Pabroa J. R. Yee J. B. Simpas J. B. Simpas A. Sorooshian A. Sorooshian Sources and characteristics of size-resolved particulate organic acids and methanesulfonate in a coastal megacity: Manila, Philippines Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Sources and characteristics of size-resolved particulate organic acids and methanesulfonate in a coastal megacity: Manila, Philippines |
| title_full | Sources and characteristics of size-resolved particulate organic acids and methanesulfonate in a coastal megacity: Manila, Philippines |
| title_fullStr | Sources and characteristics of size-resolved particulate organic acids and methanesulfonate in a coastal megacity: Manila, Philippines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sources and characteristics of size-resolved particulate organic acids and methanesulfonate in a coastal megacity: Manila, Philippines |
| title_short | Sources and characteristics of size-resolved particulate organic acids and methanesulfonate in a coastal megacity: Manila, Philippines |
| title_sort | sources and characteristics of size resolved particulate organic acids and methanesulfonate in a coastal megacity manila philippines |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/15907/2020/acp-20-15907-2020.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cstahl sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT mtcruz sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT mtcruz sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT pabanaga sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT pabanaga sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT gbetito sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT gbetito sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT rabraun sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT maaghdam sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT mocambaliza sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT mocambaliza sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT grlorenzo sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT grlorenzo sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT abmacdonald sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT mrahilario sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT pcpabroa sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT jryee sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT jbsimpas sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT jbsimpas sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT asorooshian sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines AT asorooshian sourcesandcharacteristicsofsizeresolvedparticulateorganicacidsandmethanesulfonateinacoastalmegacitymanilaphilippines |