Production of Nanocellulose from Pineapple Leaf Fibers via High-Shear Homogenization and Ultrasonication
In this study, the isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from pineapple leaf fibers (PLF) were carried out. Chemical pretreatment included pulping, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis to remove lignin, hemicellulose, and extractive substances were conducted. This was followed by high-shear homo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-05-01
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| Series: | Fibers |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/6/2/28 |
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| author | Melbi Mahardika Hairul Abral Anwar Kasim Syukri Arief Mochamad Asrofi |
| author_facet | Melbi Mahardika Hairul Abral Anwar Kasim Syukri Arief Mochamad Asrofi |
| author_sort | Melbi Mahardika |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from pineapple leaf fibers (PLF) were carried out. Chemical pretreatment included pulping, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis to remove lignin, hemicellulose, and extractive substances were conducted. This was followed by high-shear homogenization and ultrasonication to produce nanocellulose. Morphological changes to the PLF due to treatment were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This showed that the PLF had a diameter of 1–10 µm after high-shear homogenizing. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the nanofibers after ultrasonication for 60 min showed 40–70 nm diameters. Particle size analysis (PSA) indicates that the fibers had an average diameter of 68 nm. Crystallinity index was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and had the highest value after acid hydrolysis at 83% but after 60 min ultrasonication, this decreased to 62%. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed there was no chemical structure change after acid hydrolysis. The most significant finding from thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is that the higher degradation temperature of nanofibers indicates superior thermal stability over untreated fiber. These results indicate that PLF waste could become a viable source of commercially valuable nanocellulose. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:43:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-807c91b5712d46159935e9ee85f788b7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6439 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:43:02Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fibers |
| spelling | doaj.art-807c91b5712d46159935e9ee85f788b72022-12-22T04:08:55ZengMDPI AGFibers2079-64392018-05-01622810.3390/fib6020028fib6020028Production of Nanocellulose from Pineapple Leaf Fibers via High-Shear Homogenization and UltrasonicationMelbi Mahardika0Hairul Abral1Anwar Kasim2Syukri Arief3Mochamad Asrofi4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25163, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25163, IndonesiaDepartment of Agriculture Technology, Andalas University, Padang 25163, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Andalas University, Padang 25163, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25163, IndonesiaIn this study, the isolation and characterization of nanocellulose from pineapple leaf fibers (PLF) were carried out. Chemical pretreatment included pulping, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis to remove lignin, hemicellulose, and extractive substances were conducted. This was followed by high-shear homogenization and ultrasonication to produce nanocellulose. Morphological changes to the PLF due to treatment were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This showed that the PLF had a diameter of 1–10 µm after high-shear homogenizing. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the nanofibers after ultrasonication for 60 min showed 40–70 nm diameters. Particle size analysis (PSA) indicates that the fibers had an average diameter of 68 nm. Crystallinity index was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and had the highest value after acid hydrolysis at 83% but after 60 min ultrasonication, this decreased to 62%. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed there was no chemical structure change after acid hydrolysis. The most significant finding from thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is that the higher degradation temperature of nanofibers indicates superior thermal stability over untreated fiber. These results indicate that PLF waste could become a viable source of commercially valuable nanocellulose.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/6/2/28nanocellulosepineapple leaf fibershigh-shear homogenizationultrasonicationcrystallinitythermal properties |
| spellingShingle | Melbi Mahardika Hairul Abral Anwar Kasim Syukri Arief Mochamad Asrofi Production of Nanocellulose from Pineapple Leaf Fibers via High-Shear Homogenization and Ultrasonication Fibers nanocellulose pineapple leaf fibers high-shear homogenization ultrasonication crystallinity thermal properties |
| title | Production of Nanocellulose from Pineapple Leaf Fibers via High-Shear Homogenization and Ultrasonication |
| title_full | Production of Nanocellulose from Pineapple Leaf Fibers via High-Shear Homogenization and Ultrasonication |
| title_fullStr | Production of Nanocellulose from Pineapple Leaf Fibers via High-Shear Homogenization and Ultrasonication |
| title_full_unstemmed | Production of Nanocellulose from Pineapple Leaf Fibers via High-Shear Homogenization and Ultrasonication |
| title_short | Production of Nanocellulose from Pineapple Leaf Fibers via High-Shear Homogenization and Ultrasonication |
| title_sort | production of nanocellulose from pineapple leaf fibers via high shear homogenization and ultrasonication |
| topic | nanocellulose pineapple leaf fibers high-shear homogenization ultrasonication crystallinity thermal properties |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6439/6/2/28 |
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