Mechanochemical Synthesis of CuO/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Spinels for Vanillin Production from Isoeugenol and Vanillyl Alcohol
CuO/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and CuO/MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalysts were successfully synthesized with the use of spinel supports by a very simple and low-cost mechanochemical method. High-speed ball-milling was used to synthesize these c...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-07-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/14/2597 |
| _version_ | 1818156031705874432 |
|---|---|
| author | Behgam Rahmanivahid Maria Pinilla-de Dios Mohammad Haghighi Rafael Luque |
| author_facet | Behgam Rahmanivahid Maria Pinilla-de Dios Mohammad Haghighi Rafael Luque |
| author_sort | Behgam Rahmanivahid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | CuO/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and CuO/MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalysts were successfully synthesized with the use of spinel supports by a very simple and low-cost mechanochemical method. High-speed ball-milling was used to synthesize these catalyst supports for the first time. Materials were subsequently characterized by using XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDS-Dot mapping, XPS, BET-BJH, and Magnetic Susceptibility to investigate the physical-chemical characteristics of the catalysts. Acidity evaluation results indicated that the catalyst with the Mg-Al spinel support had more acid sites. XRD results showed a successful synthesis of the catalysts with large crystal sizes. Both catalysts were used in isoeugenol oxidation and vanillyl alcohol to vanillin reactions, with the CuO/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> showing optimum results. This catalyst provided 67% conversion (74% selectivity) after 2 h and this value improved to 81% (selectivity 100%) with the second reaction after 8 h. The CuO/MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalyst in the first reaction after five hours revealed 53% conversion (47% selectivity) and after eight hours with the second reaction, the conversion value improved to 64% (100% selectivity). In terms of reusability, CuO/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> showed better results than the CuO/MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalyst, for both reactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T14:51:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8085e85753e34838b2bdcffc622cfd13 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T14:51:50Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-8085e85753e34838b2bdcffc622cfd132022-12-22T01:01:26ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-07-012414259710.3390/molecules24142597molecules24142597Mechanochemical Synthesis of CuO/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Spinels for Vanillin Production from Isoeugenol and Vanillyl AlcoholBehgam Rahmanivahid0Maria Pinilla-de Dios1Mohammad Haghighi2Rafael Luque3Esfarayen University of Technology, Esfarayen 96619-98195, IranDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014 Córdoba, SpainChemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz 53318-11111, IranDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014 Córdoba, SpainCuO/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and CuO/MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalysts were successfully synthesized with the use of spinel supports by a very simple and low-cost mechanochemical method. High-speed ball-milling was used to synthesize these catalyst supports for the first time. Materials were subsequently characterized by using XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDS-Dot mapping, XPS, BET-BJH, and Magnetic Susceptibility to investigate the physical-chemical characteristics of the catalysts. Acidity evaluation results indicated that the catalyst with the Mg-Al spinel support had more acid sites. XRD results showed a successful synthesis of the catalysts with large crystal sizes. Both catalysts were used in isoeugenol oxidation and vanillyl alcohol to vanillin reactions, with the CuO/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> showing optimum results. This catalyst provided 67% conversion (74% selectivity) after 2 h and this value improved to 81% (selectivity 100%) with the second reaction after 8 h. The CuO/MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalyst in the first reaction after five hours revealed 53% conversion (47% selectivity) and after eight hours with the second reaction, the conversion value improved to 64% (100% selectivity). In terms of reusability, CuO/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> showed better results than the CuO/MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalyst, for both reactions.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/14/2597high speed ball-millingmechanochemistryspinelvanillinvanillyl alcoholisoeugenol |
| spellingShingle | Behgam Rahmanivahid Maria Pinilla-de Dios Mohammad Haghighi Rafael Luque Mechanochemical Synthesis of CuO/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Spinels for Vanillin Production from Isoeugenol and Vanillyl Alcohol Molecules high speed ball-milling mechanochemistry spinel vanillin vanillyl alcohol isoeugenol |
| title | Mechanochemical Synthesis of CuO/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Spinels for Vanillin Production from Isoeugenol and Vanillyl Alcohol |
| title_full | Mechanochemical Synthesis of CuO/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Spinels for Vanillin Production from Isoeugenol and Vanillyl Alcohol |
| title_fullStr | Mechanochemical Synthesis of CuO/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Spinels for Vanillin Production from Isoeugenol and Vanillyl Alcohol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanochemical Synthesis of CuO/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Spinels for Vanillin Production from Isoeugenol and Vanillyl Alcohol |
| title_short | Mechanochemical Synthesis of CuO/MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Spinels for Vanillin Production from Isoeugenol and Vanillyl Alcohol |
| title_sort | mechanochemical synthesis of cuo mgal sub 2 sub o sub 4 sub and mgfe sub 2 sub o sub 4 sub spinels for vanillin production from isoeugenol and vanillyl alcohol |
| topic | high speed ball-milling mechanochemistry spinel vanillin vanillyl alcohol isoeugenol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/14/2597 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT behgamrahmanivahid mechanochemicalsynthesisofcuomgalsub2subosub4subandmgfesub2subosub4subspinelsforvanillinproductionfromisoeugenolandvanillylalcohol AT mariapinilladedios mechanochemicalsynthesisofcuomgalsub2subosub4subandmgfesub2subosub4subspinelsforvanillinproductionfromisoeugenolandvanillylalcohol AT mohammadhaghighi mechanochemicalsynthesisofcuomgalsub2subosub4subandmgfesub2subosub4subspinelsforvanillinproductionfromisoeugenolandvanillylalcohol AT rafaelluque mechanochemicalsynthesisofcuomgalsub2subosub4subandmgfesub2subosub4subspinelsforvanillinproductionfromisoeugenolandvanillylalcohol |