Evolving Cultural and Historical Landscapes of Northwestern Colchis during the Medieval Period: Physical Environment and Urban Decline Causes
In Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, both coastal and sub-mountainous parts of Colchis underwent rapid urbanization. In the 12th century, the processes of decline began: Large settlements were replaced by small farmsteads with light wooden buildings, and the economy transformed from commodit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Land |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/12/2202 |
| _version_ | 1797456794094665728 |
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| author | Galina Trebeleva Andrey Kizilov Vasiliy Lobkovskiy Gleb Yurkov |
| author_facet | Galina Trebeleva Andrey Kizilov Vasiliy Lobkovskiy Gleb Yurkov |
| author_sort | Galina Trebeleva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, both coastal and sub-mountainous parts of Colchis underwent rapid urbanization. In the 12th century, the processes of decline began: Large settlements were replaced by small farmsteads with light wooden buildings, and the economy transformed from commodity-based to subsistence-based. What caused this decline? Was it the social and political events linked to the decline of the Byzantine Empire and changes to world trade routes, or were there other reasons? This article provides the answer. The synergy of archaeological, folkloristic, historical cartographic, climatological, seismological, and hydrological data depicts a strong link between these processes and climate change, which occurred at the turn of the 12th–13th centuries. The beginning of cooling led to a crisis in agriculture. A decline in both farming and cattle breeding could not fail to affect demography. Seismic activity, noted in the same period, led to the destruction of many buildings, including temples, and fortresses, and changes in hydrological networks, which were directly linked to climate change and caused water logging, led to a loss of the functions of coastal areas and their disappearance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:12:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-808c7d9a465242aea3cf8162ae5883ef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:12:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj.art-808c7d9a465242aea3cf8162ae5883ef2023-11-24T16:07:08ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2022-12-011112220210.3390/land11122202Evolving Cultural and Historical Landscapes of Northwestern Colchis during the Medieval Period: Physical Environment and Urban Decline CausesGalina Trebeleva0Andrey Kizilov1Vasiliy Lobkovskiy2Gleb Yurkov3Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117292 Moscow, RussiaFederal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 354002 Sochi, RussiaInstitute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017 Moscow, RussiaN.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, RussiaIn Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, both coastal and sub-mountainous parts of Colchis underwent rapid urbanization. In the 12th century, the processes of decline began: Large settlements were replaced by small farmsteads with light wooden buildings, and the economy transformed from commodity-based to subsistence-based. What caused this decline? Was it the social and political events linked to the decline of the Byzantine Empire and changes to world trade routes, or were there other reasons? This article provides the answer. The synergy of archaeological, folkloristic, historical cartographic, climatological, seismological, and hydrological data depicts a strong link between these processes and climate change, which occurred at the turn of the 12th–13th centuries. The beginning of cooling led to a crisis in agriculture. A decline in both farming and cattle breeding could not fail to affect demography. Seismic activity, noted in the same period, led to the destruction of many buildings, including temples, and fortresses, and changes in hydrological networks, which were directly linked to climate change and caused water logging, led to a loss of the functions of coastal areas and their disappearance.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/12/2202ColchisarchaeologyGISsettlement patternsurbanizationphysical environment |
| spellingShingle | Galina Trebeleva Andrey Kizilov Vasiliy Lobkovskiy Gleb Yurkov Evolving Cultural and Historical Landscapes of Northwestern Colchis during the Medieval Period: Physical Environment and Urban Decline Causes Land Colchis archaeology GIS settlement patterns urbanization physical environment |
| title | Evolving Cultural and Historical Landscapes of Northwestern Colchis during the Medieval Period: Physical Environment and Urban Decline Causes |
| title_full | Evolving Cultural and Historical Landscapes of Northwestern Colchis during the Medieval Period: Physical Environment and Urban Decline Causes |
| title_fullStr | Evolving Cultural and Historical Landscapes of Northwestern Colchis during the Medieval Period: Physical Environment and Urban Decline Causes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolving Cultural and Historical Landscapes of Northwestern Colchis during the Medieval Period: Physical Environment and Urban Decline Causes |
| title_short | Evolving Cultural and Historical Landscapes of Northwestern Colchis during the Medieval Period: Physical Environment and Urban Decline Causes |
| title_sort | evolving cultural and historical landscapes of northwestern colchis during the medieval period physical environment and urban decline causes |
| topic | Colchis archaeology GIS settlement patterns urbanization physical environment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/12/2202 |
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