The time series at the Strait of Gibraltar as a baseline for long-term assessment of vulnerability of calcifiers to ocean acidification
The assessment of the saturation state (Ω) for calcium carbonate minerals (aragonite and calcite) in the ocean is important to determine if calcifying organisms have favourable or unfavourable conditions to synthesize their carbonated structures. This parameter is largely affected by ocean acidifica...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1196938/full |
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| author | Silvia Amaya-Vías Susana Flecha Fiz F. Pérez Gabriel Navarro Jesús García-Lafuente Ahmed Makaoui I. Emma Huertas |
| author_facet | Silvia Amaya-Vías Susana Flecha Fiz F. Pérez Gabriel Navarro Jesús García-Lafuente Ahmed Makaoui I. Emma Huertas |
| author_sort | Silvia Amaya-Vías |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The assessment of the saturation state (Ω) for calcium carbonate minerals (aragonite and calcite) in the ocean is important to determine if calcifying organisms have favourable or unfavourable conditions to synthesize their carbonated structures. This parameter is largely affected by ocean acidification, as the decline in seawater pH causes a decrease in carbonate ion concentration, which in turn, lowers Ω. This work examines temporal trends of seawater pH, ΩAragonite and ΩCalcite in major Atlantic and Mediterranean water masses that exchange in the Strait of Gibraltar: North Atlantic Central Water (NACW), Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) and Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW) using accurate measurements of carbonate system parameters collected in the area from 2005-2021. Our analysis evidences a gradual reduction in pH in the three water mases during the monitoring period, which is accompanied by a decline in Ω for both minerals. The highest and lowest decreasing trends were found in the NACW and LIW, respectively. Projected long-term changes of Ω for future increases in atmospheric CO2 under the IPCC AR6 Shared Socio-economic Pathway "fossil-fuel-rich development" (SSP5-8.5) indicate that critical conditions for calcifiers with respect to aragonite availability will be reached in the entire water column of the region before the end of the current century, with a corrosive environment (undersaturation of carbonate) expected after 2100. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:03:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-809708dff832470ba11536385dcf5461 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:03:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-809708dff832470ba11536385dcf54612023-10-17T08:47:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452023-10-011010.3389/fmars.2023.11969381196938The time series at the Strait of Gibraltar as a baseline for long-term assessment of vulnerability of calcifiers to ocean acidificationSilvia Amaya-Vías0Susana Flecha1Fiz F. Pérez2Gabriel Navarro3Jesús García-Lafuente4Ahmed Makaoui5I. Emma Huertas6Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Cádiz, SpainInstituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA), Esporles, Mallorca, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Vigo, SpainInstituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Cádiz, SpainGrupo de Oceanografía Física, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, SpainInstitut National de Recherche Halieutique (INRH), Casablanca, MoroccoInstituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Cádiz, SpainThe assessment of the saturation state (Ω) for calcium carbonate minerals (aragonite and calcite) in the ocean is important to determine if calcifying organisms have favourable or unfavourable conditions to synthesize their carbonated structures. This parameter is largely affected by ocean acidification, as the decline in seawater pH causes a decrease in carbonate ion concentration, which in turn, lowers Ω. This work examines temporal trends of seawater pH, ΩAragonite and ΩCalcite in major Atlantic and Mediterranean water masses that exchange in the Strait of Gibraltar: North Atlantic Central Water (NACW), Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) and Western Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW) using accurate measurements of carbonate system parameters collected in the area from 2005-2021. Our analysis evidences a gradual reduction in pH in the three water mases during the monitoring period, which is accompanied by a decline in Ω for both minerals. The highest and lowest decreasing trends were found in the NACW and LIW, respectively. Projected long-term changes of Ω for future increases in atmospheric CO2 under the IPCC AR6 Shared Socio-economic Pathway "fossil-fuel-rich development" (SSP5-8.5) indicate that critical conditions for calcifiers with respect to aragonite availability will be reached in the entire water column of the region before the end of the current century, with a corrosive environment (undersaturation of carbonate) expected after 2100.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1196938/fullaragonitecalciteocean acidificationsaturation stateStrait of Gibraltar |
| spellingShingle | Silvia Amaya-Vías Susana Flecha Fiz F. Pérez Gabriel Navarro Jesús García-Lafuente Ahmed Makaoui I. Emma Huertas The time series at the Strait of Gibraltar as a baseline for long-term assessment of vulnerability of calcifiers to ocean acidification Frontiers in Marine Science aragonite calcite ocean acidification saturation state Strait of Gibraltar |
| title | The time series at the Strait of Gibraltar as a baseline for long-term assessment of vulnerability of calcifiers to ocean acidification |
| title_full | The time series at the Strait of Gibraltar as a baseline for long-term assessment of vulnerability of calcifiers to ocean acidification |
| title_fullStr | The time series at the Strait of Gibraltar as a baseline for long-term assessment of vulnerability of calcifiers to ocean acidification |
| title_full_unstemmed | The time series at the Strait of Gibraltar as a baseline for long-term assessment of vulnerability of calcifiers to ocean acidification |
| title_short | The time series at the Strait of Gibraltar as a baseline for long-term assessment of vulnerability of calcifiers to ocean acidification |
| title_sort | time series at the strait of gibraltar as a baseline for long term assessment of vulnerability of calcifiers to ocean acidification |
| topic | aragonite calcite ocean acidification saturation state Strait of Gibraltar |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1196938/full |
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