Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication
The nuclear envelope (NE) of eukaryotic cells has a highly structural architecture, comprising double lipid-bilayer membranes, nuclear pore complexes, and an underlying nuclear lamina network. The NE structure is held in place through the membrane-bound LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleto...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/4/702 |
| _version_ | 1797537260967559168 |
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| author | Chung-Pei Lee Mei-Ru Chen |
| author_facet | Chung-Pei Lee Mei-Ru Chen |
| author_sort | Chung-Pei Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The nuclear envelope (NE) of eukaryotic cells has a highly structural architecture, comprising double lipid-bilayer membranes, nuclear pore complexes, and an underlying nuclear lamina network. The NE structure is held in place through the membrane-bound LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex, spanning the inner and outer nuclear membranes. The NE functions as a barrier between the nucleus and cytoplasm and as a transverse scaffold for various cellular processes. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human pathogen that infects most of the world’s population and is associated with several well-known malignancies. Within the nucleus, the replicated viral DNA is packaged into capsids, which subsequently egress from the nucleus into the cytoplasm for tegumentation and final envelopment. There is increasing evidence that viral lytic gene expression or replication contributes to the pathogenesis of EBV. Various EBV lytic proteins regulate and modulate the nuclear envelope structure in different ways, especially the viral BGLF4 kinase and the nuclear egress complex BFRF1/BFRF2. From the aspects of nuclear membrane structure, viral components, and fundamental nucleocytoplasmic transport controls, this review summarizes our findings and recently updated information on NE structure modification and NE-related cellular processes mediated by EBV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:12:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-80994a1c73554af598636f8697382d8b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:12:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-80994a1c73554af598636f8697382d8b2023-11-21T16:06:02ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-04-0113470210.3390/v13040702Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic ReplicationChung-Pei Lee0Mei-Ru Chen1School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112303, TaiwanGraduate Institute and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, TaiwanThe nuclear envelope (NE) of eukaryotic cells has a highly structural architecture, comprising double lipid-bilayer membranes, nuclear pore complexes, and an underlying nuclear lamina network. The NE structure is held in place through the membrane-bound LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex, spanning the inner and outer nuclear membranes. The NE functions as a barrier between the nucleus and cytoplasm and as a transverse scaffold for various cellular processes. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human pathogen that infects most of the world’s population and is associated with several well-known malignancies. Within the nucleus, the replicated viral DNA is packaged into capsids, which subsequently egress from the nucleus into the cytoplasm for tegumentation and final envelopment. There is increasing evidence that viral lytic gene expression or replication contributes to the pathogenesis of EBV. Various EBV lytic proteins regulate and modulate the nuclear envelope structure in different ways, especially the viral BGLF4 kinase and the nuclear egress complex BFRF1/BFRF2. From the aspects of nuclear membrane structure, viral components, and fundamental nucleocytoplasmic transport controls, this review summarizes our findings and recently updated information on NE structure modification and NE-related cellular processes mediated by EBV.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/4/702Epstein–Barr virusBGLF4 kinasenuclear egressBFRF1nuclear envelope modulation |
| spellingShingle | Chung-Pei Lee Mei-Ru Chen Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication Viruses Epstein–Barr virus BGLF4 kinase nuclear egress BFRF1 nuclear envelope modulation |
| title | Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication |
| title_full | Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication |
| title_fullStr | Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication |
| title_full_unstemmed | Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication |
| title_short | Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication |
| title_sort | conquering the nuclear envelope barriers by ebv lytic replication |
| topic | Epstein–Barr virus BGLF4 kinase nuclear egress BFRF1 nuclear envelope modulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/4/702 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chungpeilee conqueringthenuclearenvelopebarriersbyebvlyticreplication AT meiruchen conqueringthenuclearenvelopebarriersbyebvlyticreplication |