Screening for Stereopsis Using an Eye-Tracking Glasses-Free Display in Adults: A Pilot Study
Purpose:To explore the feasibility and repeatability of a novel glasses-free display combined with random-dot stimulus and eye-tracking technology for screening stereopsis in adults.Methods:A total of 74 patients aged 18–44 years were recruited in this study (male: female, 32:42), including 33 patie...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.814908/full |
| _version_ | 1828132650151313408 |
|---|---|
| author | Fang Liu Fang Liu Fang Liu Jing Zhao Jing Zhao Jing Zhao Tian Han Tian Han Tian Han Yang Shen Yang Shen Yang Shen Meng Li Meng Li Meng Li Jingrong Liu Dong Yang Dong Yang Dong Yang Yong Fang Li Yan Xingtao Zhou Xingtao Zhou Xingtao Zhou |
| author_facet | Fang Liu Fang Liu Fang Liu Jing Zhao Jing Zhao Jing Zhao Tian Han Tian Han Tian Han Yang Shen Yang Shen Yang Shen Meng Li Meng Li Meng Li Jingrong Liu Dong Yang Dong Yang Dong Yang Yong Fang Li Yan Xingtao Zhou Xingtao Zhou Xingtao Zhou |
| author_sort | Fang Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose:To explore the feasibility and repeatability of a novel glasses-free display combined with random-dot stimulus and eye-tracking technology for screening stereopsis in adults.Methods:A total of 74 patients aged 18–44 years were recruited in this study (male: female, 32:42), including 33 patients with high myopia [≤ -6.0 diopters (D)] and 41 patients with moderate-to-low myopia (>-6.0 D). Stereopsis was measured using glasses-free, polarized, and Titmus stereotests. All patients completed a visual fatigue questionnaire after the polarized stereotest and glasses-free test. Kendall's W and Cohen's Kappa tests were used to evaluate repeatability and consistency of the glasses-free stereotest.Results:The stereotest results using the glasses-free monitor showed strong repeatability in the three consecutive tests (W = 0.968, P < 0.01) and good consistency with the polarized stereotest and Titmus test results (vs. polarization: Kappa = 0.910, P < 0.001; vs. Titmus: Kappa = 0.493, P < 0.001). Stereopsis levels of the high myopia group were significantly poorer than those of the moderate-to-low myopia group in three stereotest monitors (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in visual fatigue level between the polarized and the glasses-free display test (P = 0.72). Compared with the polarized test, 56.76% of patients preferred the glasses-free display and found it more comfortable, 20.27% reported both tests to be acceptable.Conclusions:In our adult patients, the new eye-tracking glasses-free display system feasibly screened stereopsis with good repeatability, consistency, and patient acceptance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:08:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-809e6d4767c14a46853d5e4d8d7c21df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:08:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-809e6d4767c14a46853d5e4d8d7c21df2022-12-22T04:12:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2022-01-01810.3389/fmed.2021.814908814908Screening for Stereopsis Using an Eye-Tracking Glasses-Free Display in Adults: A Pilot StudyFang Liu0Fang Liu1Fang Liu2Jing Zhao3Jing Zhao4Jing Zhao5Tian Han6Tian Han7Tian Han8Yang Shen9Yang Shen10Yang Shen11Meng Li12Meng Li13Meng Li14Jingrong Liu15Dong Yang16Dong Yang17Dong Yang18Yong Fang19Li Yan20Xingtao Zhou21Xingtao Zhou22Xingtao Zhou23Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai EVIS Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, ChinaPurpose:To explore the feasibility and repeatability of a novel glasses-free display combined with random-dot stimulus and eye-tracking technology for screening stereopsis in adults.Methods:A total of 74 patients aged 18–44 years were recruited in this study (male: female, 32:42), including 33 patients with high myopia [≤ -6.0 diopters (D)] and 41 patients with moderate-to-low myopia (>-6.0 D). Stereopsis was measured using glasses-free, polarized, and Titmus stereotests. All patients completed a visual fatigue questionnaire after the polarized stereotest and glasses-free test. Kendall's W and Cohen's Kappa tests were used to evaluate repeatability and consistency of the glasses-free stereotest.Results:The stereotest results using the glasses-free monitor showed strong repeatability in the three consecutive tests (W = 0.968, P < 0.01) and good consistency with the polarized stereotest and Titmus test results (vs. polarization: Kappa = 0.910, P < 0.001; vs. Titmus: Kappa = 0.493, P < 0.001). Stereopsis levels of the high myopia group were significantly poorer than those of the moderate-to-low myopia group in three stereotest monitors (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in visual fatigue level between the polarized and the glasses-free display test (P = 0.72). Compared with the polarized test, 56.76% of patients preferred the glasses-free display and found it more comfortable, 20.27% reported both tests to be acceptable.Conclusions:In our adult patients, the new eye-tracking glasses-free display system feasibly screened stereopsis with good repeatability, consistency, and patient acceptance.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.814908/fullstereopsis screeningglasses-free displayeye-trackingrandom-dotfeasibility |
| spellingShingle | Fang Liu Fang Liu Fang Liu Jing Zhao Jing Zhao Jing Zhao Tian Han Tian Han Tian Han Yang Shen Yang Shen Yang Shen Meng Li Meng Li Meng Li Jingrong Liu Dong Yang Dong Yang Dong Yang Yong Fang Li Yan Xingtao Zhou Xingtao Zhou Xingtao Zhou Screening for Stereopsis Using an Eye-Tracking Glasses-Free Display in Adults: A Pilot Study Frontiers in Medicine stereopsis screening glasses-free display eye-tracking random-dot feasibility |
| title | Screening for Stereopsis Using an Eye-Tracking Glasses-Free Display in Adults: A Pilot Study |
| title_full | Screening for Stereopsis Using an Eye-Tracking Glasses-Free Display in Adults: A Pilot Study |
| title_fullStr | Screening for Stereopsis Using an Eye-Tracking Glasses-Free Display in Adults: A Pilot Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Screening for Stereopsis Using an Eye-Tracking Glasses-Free Display in Adults: A Pilot Study |
| title_short | Screening for Stereopsis Using an Eye-Tracking Glasses-Free Display in Adults: A Pilot Study |
| title_sort | screening for stereopsis using an eye tracking glasses free display in adults a pilot study |
| topic | stereopsis screening glasses-free display eye-tracking random-dot feasibility |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.814908/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fangliu screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT fangliu screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT fangliu screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT jingzhao screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT jingzhao screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT jingzhao screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT tianhan screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT tianhan screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT tianhan screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT yangshen screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT yangshen screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT yangshen screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT mengli screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT mengli screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT mengli screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT jingrongliu screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT dongyang screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT dongyang screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT dongyang screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT yongfang screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT liyan screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT xingtaozhou screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT xingtaozhou screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy AT xingtaozhou screeningforstereopsisusinganeyetrackingglassesfreedisplayinadultsapilotstudy |