Three-dimensional visualization of electroacupuncture-induced activation of brown adipose tissue via sympathetic innervation in PCOS rats
Abstract Background Low-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to ameliorate obesity and reproductive dysfunctions in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and further explorations in PCOS-like rats showed that EA could affect white adipose tissue. However, the function and neuro...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Chinese Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-022-00603-w |
| _version_ | 1818147491567108096 |
|---|---|
| author | Hongru Gao Xiaoyu Tong Wei Hu Yicong Wang Kuinyu Lee Xiaoqing Xu Jiemei Shi Zhenle Pei Wenhan Lu Yuning Chen Ruonan Zhang Zheyi Wang Ziyu Wang Chengzhi Han Yu Wang Yi Feng |
| author_facet | Hongru Gao Xiaoyu Tong Wei Hu Yicong Wang Kuinyu Lee Xiaoqing Xu Jiemei Shi Zhenle Pei Wenhan Lu Yuning Chen Ruonan Zhang Zheyi Wang Ziyu Wang Chengzhi Han Yu Wang Yi Feng |
| author_sort | Hongru Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Low-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to ameliorate obesity and reproductive dysfunctions in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and further explorations in PCOS-like rats showed that EA could affect white adipose tissue. However, the function and neuromodulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in PCOS and after EA treatment have remained unknown. The present study focused on the role of BAT in PCOS-like rats and its relationship with EA and characterized the three-dimensional (3D) innervation of BAT associated with activation molecules. Methods Female rats (21 days old) were implanted with dihydrotestosterone or fed with a high fat diet to establish PCOS-like and obesity models, respectively, and then EA treatment at “Guilai” (ST 29) and “Sanyinjiao” (SP 6) was carried out for 4 weeks. In the present study, morphological analysis, 3D imaging, molecular biology, and other experimental techniques were used to study the sympathetic nerves and activity of BAT. Results PCOS-like rats showed both obvious weight gain and reproductive dysfunction, similar to what was seen in obese rats except for the absence of reproductive dysfunction. The body weight gain was mainly caused by an increase in white adipose tissue, and there was an abnormal decrease in BAT. Because both the lipid metabolism and reproductive disorders could be improved with bilateral EA at “Guilai” (ST 29) and “Sanyinjiao” (SP 6), especially the restoration of BAT, we further investigated the neuromodulation and inflammation in BAT and identified the sympathetic marker tyrosine hydroxylase as one of the key factors of sympathetic nerves. Modified adipo-clearing technology and 3D high-resolution imaging showed that crooked or dispersed sympathetic nerves, but not the twisted vasculature, were reconstructed and associated with the activation of BAT and are likely to be the functional target for EA treatment. Conclusion Our study highlights the significant role of BAT and its sympathetic innervations in PCOS and in EA therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T12:36:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-80a4549cb8e94626a82aa8de53b53abb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1749-8546 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T12:36:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chinese Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-80a4549cb8e94626a82aa8de53b53abb2022-12-22T01:07:08ZengBMCChinese Medicine1749-85462022-04-0117111510.1186/s13020-022-00603-wThree-dimensional visualization of electroacupuncture-induced activation of brown adipose tissue via sympathetic innervation in PCOS ratsHongru Gao0Xiaoyu Tong1Wei Hu2Yicong Wang3Kuinyu Lee4Xiaoqing Xu5Jiemei Shi6Zhenle Pei7Wenhan Lu8Yuning Chen9Ruonan Zhang10Zheyi Wang11Ziyu Wang12Chengzhi Han13Yu Wang14Yi Feng15State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan UniversityAbstract Background Low-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to ameliorate obesity and reproductive dysfunctions in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and further explorations in PCOS-like rats showed that EA could affect white adipose tissue. However, the function and neuromodulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in PCOS and after EA treatment have remained unknown. The present study focused on the role of BAT in PCOS-like rats and its relationship with EA and characterized the three-dimensional (3D) innervation of BAT associated with activation molecules. Methods Female rats (21 days old) were implanted with dihydrotestosterone or fed with a high fat diet to establish PCOS-like and obesity models, respectively, and then EA treatment at “Guilai” (ST 29) and “Sanyinjiao” (SP 6) was carried out for 4 weeks. In the present study, morphological analysis, 3D imaging, molecular biology, and other experimental techniques were used to study the sympathetic nerves and activity of BAT. Results PCOS-like rats showed both obvious weight gain and reproductive dysfunction, similar to what was seen in obese rats except for the absence of reproductive dysfunction. The body weight gain was mainly caused by an increase in white adipose tissue, and there was an abnormal decrease in BAT. Because both the lipid metabolism and reproductive disorders could be improved with bilateral EA at “Guilai” (ST 29) and “Sanyinjiao” (SP 6), especially the restoration of BAT, we further investigated the neuromodulation and inflammation in BAT and identified the sympathetic marker tyrosine hydroxylase as one of the key factors of sympathetic nerves. Modified adipo-clearing technology and 3D high-resolution imaging showed that crooked or dispersed sympathetic nerves, but not the twisted vasculature, were reconstructed and associated with the activation of BAT and are likely to be the functional target for EA treatment. Conclusion Our study highlights the significant role of BAT and its sympathetic innervations in PCOS and in EA therapy.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-022-00603-wPolycystic ovary syndromeElectroacupunctureBrown adipose tissueSympathetic innervationUncoupling protein 1 |
| spellingShingle | Hongru Gao Xiaoyu Tong Wei Hu Yicong Wang Kuinyu Lee Xiaoqing Xu Jiemei Shi Zhenle Pei Wenhan Lu Yuning Chen Ruonan Zhang Zheyi Wang Ziyu Wang Chengzhi Han Yu Wang Yi Feng Three-dimensional visualization of electroacupuncture-induced activation of brown adipose tissue via sympathetic innervation in PCOS rats Chinese Medicine Polycystic ovary syndrome Electroacupuncture Brown adipose tissue Sympathetic innervation Uncoupling protein 1 |
| title | Three-dimensional visualization of electroacupuncture-induced activation of brown adipose tissue via sympathetic innervation in PCOS rats |
| title_full | Three-dimensional visualization of electroacupuncture-induced activation of brown adipose tissue via sympathetic innervation in PCOS rats |
| title_fullStr | Three-dimensional visualization of electroacupuncture-induced activation of brown adipose tissue via sympathetic innervation in PCOS rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three-dimensional visualization of electroacupuncture-induced activation of brown adipose tissue via sympathetic innervation in PCOS rats |
| title_short | Three-dimensional visualization of electroacupuncture-induced activation of brown adipose tissue via sympathetic innervation in PCOS rats |
| title_sort | three dimensional visualization of electroacupuncture induced activation of brown adipose tissue via sympathetic innervation in pcos rats |
| topic | Polycystic ovary syndrome Electroacupuncture Brown adipose tissue Sympathetic innervation Uncoupling protein 1 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-022-00603-w |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hongrugao threedimensionalvisualizationofelectroacupunctureinducedactivationofbrownadiposetissueviasympatheticinnervationinpcosrats AT xiaoyutong threedimensionalvisualizationofelectroacupunctureinducedactivationofbrownadiposetissueviasympatheticinnervationinpcosrats AT weihu threedimensionalvisualizationofelectroacupunctureinducedactivationofbrownadiposetissueviasympatheticinnervationinpcosrats AT yicongwang threedimensionalvisualizationofelectroacupunctureinducedactivationofbrownadiposetissueviasympatheticinnervationinpcosrats AT kuinyulee threedimensionalvisualizationofelectroacupunctureinducedactivationofbrownadiposetissueviasympatheticinnervationinpcosrats AT xiaoqingxu threedimensionalvisualizationofelectroacupunctureinducedactivationofbrownadiposetissueviasympatheticinnervationinpcosrats AT jiemeishi threedimensionalvisualizationofelectroacupunctureinducedactivationofbrownadiposetissueviasympatheticinnervationinpcosrats AT zhenlepei threedimensionalvisualizationofelectroacupunctureinducedactivationofbrownadiposetissueviasympatheticinnervationinpcosrats AT wenhanlu threedimensionalvisualizationofelectroacupunctureinducedactivationofbrownadiposetissueviasympatheticinnervationinpcosrats AT yuningchen threedimensionalvisualizationofelectroacupunctureinducedactivationofbrownadiposetissueviasympatheticinnervationinpcosrats AT ruonanzhang threedimensionalvisualizationofelectroacupunctureinducedactivationofbrownadiposetissueviasympatheticinnervationinpcosrats AT zheyiwang threedimensionalvisualizationofelectroacupunctureinducedactivationofbrownadiposetissueviasympatheticinnervationinpcosrats AT ziyuwang threedimensionalvisualizationofelectroacupunctureinducedactivationofbrownadiposetissueviasympatheticinnervationinpcosrats AT chengzhihan threedimensionalvisualizationofelectroacupunctureinducedactivationofbrownadiposetissueviasympatheticinnervationinpcosrats AT yuwang threedimensionalvisualizationofelectroacupunctureinducedactivationofbrownadiposetissueviasympatheticinnervationinpcosrats AT yifeng threedimensionalvisualizationofelectroacupunctureinducedactivationofbrownadiposetissueviasympatheticinnervationinpcosrats |