Protective Effects of Spirulina platensis, Voluntary Exercise and Environmental Interventions Against Adolescent Stress-Induced Anxiety and Depressive-Like Symptoms, Oxidative Stress and Alterations of BDNF and 5HT-3 Receptors of the Prefrontal Cortex in Female Rats
Nasroallah Moradi-Kor,1,2 Masoomeh Dadkhah,3 Ali Ghanbari,2 Hadi Rashidipour,4 Ahmad Reza Bandegi,5 Mehdi Barati,6 Parviz Kokhaei,7 Ali Rashidy-Pour2,8 1Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; 2Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Scien...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dove Medical Press
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/protective-effects-of-spirulina-platensis-voluntary-exercise-and-envir-peer-reviewed-article-NDT |
| _version_ | 1818431137439023104 |
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| author | Moradi-Kor N Dadkhah M Ghanbari A Rashidipour H Bandegi AR Barati M Kokhaei P Rashidy-Pour A |
| author_facet | Moradi-Kor N Dadkhah M Ghanbari A Rashidipour H Bandegi AR Barati M Kokhaei P Rashidy-Pour A |
| author_sort | Moradi-Kor N |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nasroallah Moradi-Kor,1,2 Masoomeh Dadkhah,3 Ali Ghanbari,2 Hadi Rashidipour,4 Ahmad Reza Bandegi,5 Mehdi Barati,6 Parviz Kokhaei,7 Ali Rashidy-Pour2,8 1Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; 2Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; 3Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; 4School of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran; 5Laboratory of Endocrine Research, Research Center of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; 6Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 7Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; 8Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IranCorrespondence: Ali Rashidy-Pour Laboratory of Learning and MemoryResearch Center of Physiology, Semnan, University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 15131-38111, IranTel +98-9121140221Email Rashidy-Pour@semums.ac.irBackground and Purpose: Ample evidence indicates that chronic adolescence stress is associated with an increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood. Given the importance of the effective therapeutic ways to overcome adolescent stress-related deficits, the present study investigated the effects of Spirulina platensis (SP), environmental enrichment (EE), and voluntary exercise (EX) and their combination on anxiety or depression-like behaviors, oxidative stress, and alterations of BDNF and 5HT-3 receptors in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) induced by adolescent stress in adult female rats.Methods: During the adolescent period (PNDs30-40), rats were subjected to restraint stress. Then, the animals were subjected to SP treatment (200 mg/kg/day), EX, EE, and the combined treatments (SP+EX, and SP+EE) for 15 days between PNDs41-55. Subsequently, anxiety or depression-like behaviors, BDNF levels, oxidative stress markers and mRNA expression of BDNF and 5HT3 in the PFC were assessed.Results: Stressed rats demonstrated enhanced anxiety levels and depression-like behaviors in adulthood. Regarding the oxidative stress markers, stressed rats exhibited significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation product, higher activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and significantly lower total antioxidant reactivity capacity in the PFC. Additionally, adolescent stress significantly increased 5HT3 receptor mRNA expression and decreased BDNF content and its mRNA expression in the PFC. Treatments with SP, EX, EE, and the combined interventions alleviated these deficits.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that appropriate interventions during the adolescent period can protect against adolescent stress-induced behavioral, and biochemical defects and oxidative stress damage in adulthood.Keywords: adolescent stress, anxiety, depression, environmental enrichment, physical activity spirulina, oxidative stress |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T15:44:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-80a4e62dea8a42cd897d7a2f88263987 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-2021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T15:44:31Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment |
| spelling | doaj.art-80a4e62dea8a42cd897d7a2f882639872022-12-21T22:55:32ZengDove Medical PressNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment1178-20212020-07-01Volume 161777179455612Protective Effects of Spirulina platensis, Voluntary Exercise and Environmental Interventions Against Adolescent Stress-Induced Anxiety and Depressive-Like Symptoms, Oxidative Stress and Alterations of BDNF and 5HT-3 Receptors of the Prefrontal Cortex in Female RatsMoradi-Kor NDadkhah MGhanbari ARashidipour HBandegi ARBarati MKokhaei PRashidy-Pour ANasroallah Moradi-Kor,1,2 Masoomeh Dadkhah,3 Ali Ghanbari,2 Hadi Rashidipour,4 Ahmad Reza Bandegi,5 Mehdi Barati,6 Parviz Kokhaei,7 Ali Rashidy-Pour2,8 1Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; 2Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; 3Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; 4School of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran; 5Laboratory of Endocrine Research, Research Center of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; 6Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 7Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; 8Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IranCorrespondence: Ali Rashidy-Pour Laboratory of Learning and MemoryResearch Center of Physiology, Semnan, University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 15131-38111, IranTel +98-9121140221Email Rashidy-Pour@semums.ac.irBackground and Purpose: Ample evidence indicates that chronic adolescence stress is associated with an increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood. Given the importance of the effective therapeutic ways to overcome adolescent stress-related deficits, the present study investigated the effects of Spirulina platensis (SP), environmental enrichment (EE), and voluntary exercise (EX) and their combination on anxiety or depression-like behaviors, oxidative stress, and alterations of BDNF and 5HT-3 receptors in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) induced by adolescent stress in adult female rats.Methods: During the adolescent period (PNDs30-40), rats were subjected to restraint stress. Then, the animals were subjected to SP treatment (200 mg/kg/day), EX, EE, and the combined treatments (SP+EX, and SP+EE) for 15 days between PNDs41-55. Subsequently, anxiety or depression-like behaviors, BDNF levels, oxidative stress markers and mRNA expression of BDNF and 5HT3 in the PFC were assessed.Results: Stressed rats demonstrated enhanced anxiety levels and depression-like behaviors in adulthood. Regarding the oxidative stress markers, stressed rats exhibited significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation product, higher activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and significantly lower total antioxidant reactivity capacity in the PFC. Additionally, adolescent stress significantly increased 5HT3 receptor mRNA expression and decreased BDNF content and its mRNA expression in the PFC. Treatments with SP, EX, EE, and the combined interventions alleviated these deficits.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that appropriate interventions during the adolescent period can protect against adolescent stress-induced behavioral, and biochemical defects and oxidative stress damage in adulthood.Keywords: adolescent stress, anxiety, depression, environmental enrichment, physical activity spirulina, oxidative stresshttps://www.dovepress.com/protective-effects-of-spirulina-platensis-voluntary-exercise-and-envir-peer-reviewed-article-NDTadolescent stressanxietydepressionenvironmental enrichmentphysical activity spirulinaoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Moradi-Kor N Dadkhah M Ghanbari A Rashidipour H Bandegi AR Barati M Kokhaei P Rashidy-Pour A Protective Effects of Spirulina platensis, Voluntary Exercise and Environmental Interventions Against Adolescent Stress-Induced Anxiety and Depressive-Like Symptoms, Oxidative Stress and Alterations of BDNF and 5HT-3 Receptors of the Prefrontal Cortex in Female Rats Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment adolescent stress anxiety depression environmental enrichment physical activity spirulina oxidative stress |
| title | Protective Effects of Spirulina platensis, Voluntary Exercise and Environmental Interventions Against Adolescent Stress-Induced Anxiety and Depressive-Like Symptoms, Oxidative Stress and Alterations of BDNF and 5HT-3 Receptors of the Prefrontal Cortex in Female Rats |
| title_full | Protective Effects of Spirulina platensis, Voluntary Exercise and Environmental Interventions Against Adolescent Stress-Induced Anxiety and Depressive-Like Symptoms, Oxidative Stress and Alterations of BDNF and 5HT-3 Receptors of the Prefrontal Cortex in Female Rats |
| title_fullStr | Protective Effects of Spirulina platensis, Voluntary Exercise and Environmental Interventions Against Adolescent Stress-Induced Anxiety and Depressive-Like Symptoms, Oxidative Stress and Alterations of BDNF and 5HT-3 Receptors of the Prefrontal Cortex in Female Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective Effects of Spirulina platensis, Voluntary Exercise and Environmental Interventions Against Adolescent Stress-Induced Anxiety and Depressive-Like Symptoms, Oxidative Stress and Alterations of BDNF and 5HT-3 Receptors of the Prefrontal Cortex in Female Rats |
| title_short | Protective Effects of Spirulina platensis, Voluntary Exercise and Environmental Interventions Against Adolescent Stress-Induced Anxiety and Depressive-Like Symptoms, Oxidative Stress and Alterations of BDNF and 5HT-3 Receptors of the Prefrontal Cortex in Female Rats |
| title_sort | protective effects of spirulina platensis voluntary exercise and environmental interventions against adolescent stress induced anxiety and depressive like symptoms oxidative stress and alterations of bdnf and 5ht 3 receptors of the prefrontal cortex in female rats |
| topic | adolescent stress anxiety depression environmental enrichment physical activity spirulina oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/protective-effects-of-spirulina-platensis-voluntary-exercise-and-envir-peer-reviewed-article-NDT |
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