Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Greece: Disease Incidence and Fungi Involved in Discrete Geographical Zones and Varieties
A three-year survey was conducted to estimate the incidence of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in Greece and identify fungi associated with the disease complex. In total, 310 vineyards in different geographical regions in northern, central, and southern Greece were surveyed, and 533 fungal strains w...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/1/2 |
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| author | Stefanos I. Testempasis Emmanouil A. Markakis Georgia I. Tavlaki Stefanos K. Soultatos Christos Tsoukas Danai Gkizi Aliki K. Tzima Epameinondas Paplomatas Georgios S. Karaoglanidis |
| author_facet | Stefanos I. Testempasis Emmanouil A. Markakis Georgia I. Tavlaki Stefanos K. Soultatos Christos Tsoukas Danai Gkizi Aliki K. Tzima Epameinondas Paplomatas Georgios S. Karaoglanidis |
| author_sort | Stefanos I. Testempasis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A three-year survey was conducted to estimate the incidence of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in Greece and identify fungi associated with the disease complex. In total, 310 vineyards in different geographical regions in northern, central, and southern Greece were surveyed, and 533 fungal strains were isolated from diseased vines. Morphological, physiological and molecular (5.8S rRNA gene-ITS sequencing) analyses revealed that isolates belonged to 35 distinct fungal genera, including well-known (e.g., <i>Botryosphaeria</i> sp., <i>Diaporthe</i> spp., <i>Eutypa</i> sp., <i>Diplodia</i> sp., <i>Fomitiporia</i> sp., <i>Phaeoacremonium</i> spp., <i>Phaeomoniella</i> sp.) and lesser-known (e.g., <i>Neosetophoma</i> sp., <i>Seimatosporium</i> sp., <i>Didymosphaeria</i> sp., <i>Kalmusia</i> sp.) grapevine wood inhabitants. The GTDs-inducing population structure differed significantly among the discrete geographical zones. <i>Phaeomoniella chlamydospora</i> (26.62%, <i>n</i> = 70), <i>Diaporthe</i> spp. (18.25%, <i>n</i> = 48) and <i>F. mediterranea</i> (10.27%, <i>n</i> = 27) were the most prevalent in Heraklion, whereas <i>D. seriata</i>, <i>Alternaria</i> spp., <i>P. chlamydospora</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. were predominant in Nemea (central Greece). In Amyntaio and Kavala (northern Greece), <i>D. seriata</i> was the most frequently isolated species (>50% frequency). Multi-genes (<i>rDNA-ITS</i>, <i>LSU</i>, <i>tef1-α</i>, <i>tub2</i>, <i>act</i>) sequencing of selected isolates, followed by pathogenicity tests, revealed that <i>Neosetophoma italica</i>, <i>Seimatosporium vitis</i>, <i>Didymosphaeria variabile</i> and <i>Kalmusia variispora</i> caused wood infection, with the former being the most virulent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>N. italica</i> associated with GTDs worldwide. This is also the first record of <i>K. variispora</i>, <i>S. vitis</i> and <i>D. variabile</i> associated with wood infection of grapevine in Greece. The potential associations of disease indices with vine age, cultivar, GTD-associated population structure and the prevailing meteorological conditions in different viticultural zones in Greece are presented and discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:45:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-80a6bffb2609474985083eb7e3297d71 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:45:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-80a6bffb2609474985083eb7e3297d712024-01-26T17:18:03ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2023-12-01101210.3390/jof10010002Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Greece: Disease Incidence and Fungi Involved in Discrete Geographical Zones and VarietiesStefanos I. Testempasis0Emmanouil A. Markakis1Georgia I. Tavlaki2Stefanos K. Soultatos3Christos Tsoukas4Danai Gkizi5Aliki K. Tzima6Epameinondas Paplomatas7Georgios S. Karaoglanidis8Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Mycology, Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops, Floriculture and Plant Protection, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 32<sup>A</sup> Kastorias Street, Mesa Katsabas, 71307 Heraklion, GreeceLaboratory of Mycology, Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops, Floriculture and Plant Protection, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 32<sup>A</sup> Kastorias Street, Mesa Katsabas, 71307 Heraklion, GreeceLaboratory of Mycology, Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops, Floriculture and Plant Protection, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 32<sup>A</sup> Kastorias Street, Mesa Katsabas, 71307 Heraklion, GreeceLaboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, School of Plant Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, 11855 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos 28, 12243 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, School of Plant Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, School of Plant Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceA three-year survey was conducted to estimate the incidence of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in Greece and identify fungi associated with the disease complex. In total, 310 vineyards in different geographical regions in northern, central, and southern Greece were surveyed, and 533 fungal strains were isolated from diseased vines. Morphological, physiological and molecular (5.8S rRNA gene-ITS sequencing) analyses revealed that isolates belonged to 35 distinct fungal genera, including well-known (e.g., <i>Botryosphaeria</i> sp., <i>Diaporthe</i> spp., <i>Eutypa</i> sp., <i>Diplodia</i> sp., <i>Fomitiporia</i> sp., <i>Phaeoacremonium</i> spp., <i>Phaeomoniella</i> sp.) and lesser-known (e.g., <i>Neosetophoma</i> sp., <i>Seimatosporium</i> sp., <i>Didymosphaeria</i> sp., <i>Kalmusia</i> sp.) grapevine wood inhabitants. The GTDs-inducing population structure differed significantly among the discrete geographical zones. <i>Phaeomoniella chlamydospora</i> (26.62%, <i>n</i> = 70), <i>Diaporthe</i> spp. (18.25%, <i>n</i> = 48) and <i>F. mediterranea</i> (10.27%, <i>n</i> = 27) were the most prevalent in Heraklion, whereas <i>D. seriata</i>, <i>Alternaria</i> spp., <i>P. chlamydospora</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. were predominant in Nemea (central Greece). In Amyntaio and Kavala (northern Greece), <i>D. seriata</i> was the most frequently isolated species (>50% frequency). Multi-genes (<i>rDNA-ITS</i>, <i>LSU</i>, <i>tef1-α</i>, <i>tub2</i>, <i>act</i>) sequencing of selected isolates, followed by pathogenicity tests, revealed that <i>Neosetophoma italica</i>, <i>Seimatosporium vitis</i>, <i>Didymosphaeria variabile</i> and <i>Kalmusia variispora</i> caused wood infection, with the former being the most virulent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>N. italica</i> associated with GTDs worldwide. This is also the first record of <i>K. variispora</i>, <i>S. vitis</i> and <i>D. variabile</i> associated with wood infection of grapevine in Greece. The potential associations of disease indices with vine age, cultivar, GTD-associated population structure and the prevailing meteorological conditions in different viticultural zones in Greece are presented and discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/1/2<i>Kalmusia variispora</i><i>Neosetophoma italica</i><i>Paraconiothyrium variabile</i><i>Seimatosporium vitis</i>meteorological conditionswood inhabitant |
| spellingShingle | Stefanos I. Testempasis Emmanouil A. Markakis Georgia I. Tavlaki Stefanos K. Soultatos Christos Tsoukas Danai Gkizi Aliki K. Tzima Epameinondas Paplomatas Georgios S. Karaoglanidis Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Greece: Disease Incidence and Fungi Involved in Discrete Geographical Zones and Varieties Journal of Fungi <i>Kalmusia variispora</i> <i>Neosetophoma italica</i> <i>Paraconiothyrium variabile</i> <i>Seimatosporium vitis</i> meteorological conditions wood inhabitant |
| title | Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Greece: Disease Incidence and Fungi Involved in Discrete Geographical Zones and Varieties |
| title_full | Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Greece: Disease Incidence and Fungi Involved in Discrete Geographical Zones and Varieties |
| title_fullStr | Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Greece: Disease Incidence and Fungi Involved in Discrete Geographical Zones and Varieties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Greece: Disease Incidence and Fungi Involved in Discrete Geographical Zones and Varieties |
| title_short | Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Greece: Disease Incidence and Fungi Involved in Discrete Geographical Zones and Varieties |
| title_sort | grapevine trunk diseases in greece disease incidence and fungi involved in discrete geographical zones and varieties |
| topic | <i>Kalmusia variispora</i> <i>Neosetophoma italica</i> <i>Paraconiothyrium variabile</i> <i>Seimatosporium vitis</i> meteorological conditions wood inhabitant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/1/2 |
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