Airstream Association of Large Boundary Layer Rolls during Extratropical Transition of Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy (2012)
Better understanding of roll vortices that often occur in the tropical cyclone (TC) boundary layer is required to improve forecasts of TC intensification and the granularity of damaging surface winds. It is especially important to characterize rolls over a wide variety of TCs, their environments, an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Meteorology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2674-0494/2/3/22 |
| _version_ | 1797578809503907840 |
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| author | James A. Schiavone |
| author_facet | James A. Schiavone |
| author_sort | James A. Schiavone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Better understanding of roll vortices that often occur in the tropical cyclone (TC) boundary layer is required to improve forecasts of TC intensification and the granularity of damaging surface winds. It is especially important to characterize rolls over a wide variety of TCs, their environments, and TC development phases. Boundary layer rolls have been observed in TCs since 1998, but only recently in a TC during its extratropical transition phase. The work reported herein is the first to analyze how boundary layer rolls are distributed among the extratropical features of a transitioning TC. To this end, routine and special operational observations recorded during landfalling Post-tropical Cyclone Sandy (2012) were leveraged, including radar, surface, rawinsonde, and aircraft reconnaissance observations. Large rolls occurred in cold airstreams, both in the cold conveyor belt within the northwestern storm quadrant and in the secluding airstream within the northeastern quadrant, but roll presence was much diminished within the intervening warm sector. The large size of the rolls and their confinement to cold airstreams is attributed to an optimum inflow layer depth, which is deep enough below a strong stable layer to accommodate deep and strong positive radial wind shear to promote roll growth, yet not so deep as to limit radial wind shear magnitude, as occurred in the warm sector. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:28:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-80acd4c49c6c4cc3a358bf5f7e474d42 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2674-0494 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:28:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Meteorology |
| spelling | doaj.art-80acd4c49c6c4cc3a358bf5f7e474d422023-11-19T11:57:43ZengMDPI AGMeteorology2674-04942023-08-012336838610.3390/meteorology2030022Airstream Association of Large Boundary Layer Rolls during Extratropical Transition of Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy (2012)James A. Schiavone0Independent Researcher, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USABetter understanding of roll vortices that often occur in the tropical cyclone (TC) boundary layer is required to improve forecasts of TC intensification and the granularity of damaging surface winds. It is especially important to characterize rolls over a wide variety of TCs, their environments, and TC development phases. Boundary layer rolls have been observed in TCs since 1998, but only recently in a TC during its extratropical transition phase. The work reported herein is the first to analyze how boundary layer rolls are distributed among the extratropical features of a transitioning TC. To this end, routine and special operational observations recorded during landfalling Post-tropical Cyclone Sandy (2012) were leveraged, including radar, surface, rawinsonde, and aircraft reconnaissance observations. Large rolls occurred in cold airstreams, both in the cold conveyor belt within the northwestern storm quadrant and in the secluding airstream within the northeastern quadrant, but roll presence was much diminished within the intervening warm sector. The large size of the rolls and their confinement to cold airstreams is attributed to an optimum inflow layer depth, which is deep enough below a strong stable layer to accommodate deep and strong positive radial wind shear to promote roll growth, yet not so deep as to limit radial wind shear magnitude, as occurred in the warm sector.https://www.mdpi.com/2674-0494/2/3/22hurricanesboundary layerroll vorticeslandfallextratropical transition |
| spellingShingle | James A. Schiavone Airstream Association of Large Boundary Layer Rolls during Extratropical Transition of Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy (2012) Meteorology hurricanes boundary layer roll vortices landfall extratropical transition |
| title | Airstream Association of Large Boundary Layer Rolls during Extratropical Transition of Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy (2012) |
| title_full | Airstream Association of Large Boundary Layer Rolls during Extratropical Transition of Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy (2012) |
| title_fullStr | Airstream Association of Large Boundary Layer Rolls during Extratropical Transition of Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy (2012) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Airstream Association of Large Boundary Layer Rolls during Extratropical Transition of Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy (2012) |
| title_short | Airstream Association of Large Boundary Layer Rolls during Extratropical Transition of Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy (2012) |
| title_sort | airstream association of large boundary layer rolls during extratropical transition of post tropical cyclone sandy 2012 |
| topic | hurricanes boundary layer roll vortices landfall extratropical transition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2674-0494/2/3/22 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jamesaschiavone airstreamassociationoflargeboundarylayerrollsduringextratropicaltransitionofposttropicalcyclonesandy2012 |