A Mass Balance-Based Method for the Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw
Current rice straw disposal practices have serious repercussions on the environment and, in addition, do not consider its energy potential. On the contrary, the anaerobic digestion of rice straw makes it possible to produce renewable energy and to reintroduce into the soil the nutrients present in t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/11/4334 |
| _version_ | 1827739611935277056 |
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| author | Maurizio Bressan Elena Campagnoli Carlo Giovanni Ferro Valter Giaretto |
| author_facet | Maurizio Bressan Elena Campagnoli Carlo Giovanni Ferro Valter Giaretto |
| author_sort | Maurizio Bressan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Current rice straw disposal practices have serious repercussions on the environment and, in addition, do not consider its energy potential. On the contrary, the anaerobic digestion of rice straw makes it possible to produce renewable energy and to reintroduce into the soil the nutrients present in the digestate, at the same time, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from paddies. For rice straw of different geographical origin, by applying a mass balance method to the digester, the minimum requirements in terms of conditioners (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and water, which allow obtaining the maximum production of methane, were calculated. The results obtained show that after the first 30 days (hydraulic retention time) for each ton of rice straw digested, the daily water consumption varies considerably from one country to another, from a minimum value of 1.5 m<sup>3</sup>/d to a maximum of 4.3 m<sup>3</sup>/d. After the same time, the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus is only required for the optimal anaerobic digestion of Indian rice straw. The low presence of these elements in Indian straw requires an addition of 3 kg/d of urea and 1.5 kg/d of superphosphate to compensate for the lack of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. In all the examined cases, the concentration of potassium, even if higher than the optimal value, does not reach levels that can significantly affect the methane production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:08:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-80b48e7c791146d5ae5ded6061420f31 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:08:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-80b48e7c791146d5ae5ded6061420f312023-11-18T07:47:26ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-05-011611433410.3390/en16114334A Mass Balance-Based Method for the Anaerobic Digestion of Rice StrawMaurizio Bressan0Elena Campagnoli1Carlo Giovanni Ferro2Valter Giaretto3Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, ItalyCurrent rice straw disposal practices have serious repercussions on the environment and, in addition, do not consider its energy potential. On the contrary, the anaerobic digestion of rice straw makes it possible to produce renewable energy and to reintroduce into the soil the nutrients present in the digestate, at the same time, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from paddies. For rice straw of different geographical origin, by applying a mass balance method to the digester, the minimum requirements in terms of conditioners (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and water, which allow obtaining the maximum production of methane, were calculated. The results obtained show that after the first 30 days (hydraulic retention time) for each ton of rice straw digested, the daily water consumption varies considerably from one country to another, from a minimum value of 1.5 m<sup>3</sup>/d to a maximum of 4.3 m<sup>3</sup>/d. After the same time, the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus is only required for the optimal anaerobic digestion of Indian rice straw. The low presence of these elements in Indian straw requires an addition of 3 kg/d of urea and 1.5 kg/d of superphosphate to compensate for the lack of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. In all the examined cases, the concentration of potassium, even if higher than the optimal value, does not reach levels that can significantly affect the methane production.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/11/4334rice strawanaerobic digestionchemical conditionerswater consumptioncalculation method |
| spellingShingle | Maurizio Bressan Elena Campagnoli Carlo Giovanni Ferro Valter Giaretto A Mass Balance-Based Method for the Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw Energies rice straw anaerobic digestion chemical conditioners water consumption calculation method |
| title | A Mass Balance-Based Method for the Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw |
| title_full | A Mass Balance-Based Method for the Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw |
| title_fullStr | A Mass Balance-Based Method for the Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Mass Balance-Based Method for the Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw |
| title_short | A Mass Balance-Based Method for the Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw |
| title_sort | mass balance based method for the anaerobic digestion of rice straw |
| topic | rice straw anaerobic digestion chemical conditioners water consumption calculation method |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/11/4334 |
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