Negative Facial Expressions – But Not Visual Scenes – Enhance Human Working Memory in Younger and Older Participants
Many studies have investigated the influence of emotion on memory processes across the human lifespan. Some results have shown older adults (OA) performing better with positive stimuli, some with negative items, whereas some found no impact of emotional valence. Here we tested, in two independent st...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00668/full |
| _version_ | 1819266853031116800 |
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| author | Flávia Schechtman Belham Flávia Schechtman Belham Maria Clotilde H. Tavares Corina Satler Ana Garcia Ana Garcia Rosângela C. Rodrigues Soraya L. de Sá Canabarro Carlos Tomaz |
| author_facet | Flávia Schechtman Belham Flávia Schechtman Belham Maria Clotilde H. Tavares Corina Satler Ana Garcia Ana Garcia Rosângela C. Rodrigues Soraya L. de Sá Canabarro Carlos Tomaz |
| author_sort | Flávia Schechtman Belham |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many studies have investigated the influence of emotion on memory processes across the human lifespan. Some results have shown older adults (OA) performing better with positive stimuli, some with negative items, whereas some found no impact of emotional valence. Here we tested, in two independent studies, how younger adults (YA) and OA would perform in a visuospatial working memory (VSWM) task with positive, negative, and neutral images. The task consisted of identifying the new location of a stimulus in a crescent set of identical stimuli presented in different locations in a touch-screen monitor. In other words, participants should memorize the locations previously occupied to identify the new location. For each trial, the number of occupied locations increased until 8 or until a mistake was made. In study 1, 56 YA and 38 OA completed the task using images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Results showed that, although YA outperformed OA, no effects of emotion were found. In study 2, 26 YA and 25 OA were tested using facial expressions as stimuli. Data from this study showed that negative faces facilitated performance and this effect did not differ between age groups. No differences were found between men and women. Taken together, our findings suggest that YA and OA’s VSWM can be influenced by the emotional valence of the information, though this effect was present only for facial stimuli. Presumably, this may have happened due to the social and biological importance of such stimuli, which are more effective in transmitting emotions than IAPS images. Critically, our results also indicate that the mixed findings in the literature about the influence of aging on the interactions between memory and emotion may be caused by the use of different stimuli and methods. This possibility should be kept in mind in future studies about memory and emotion across the lifespan. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T21:07:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-80bd852c5f274faeb75704c3144d335a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T21:07:52Z |
| publishDate | 2017-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-80bd852c5f274faeb75704c3144d335a2022-12-21T17:31:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122017-09-01810.3389/fphar.2017.00668289609Negative Facial Expressions – But Not Visual Scenes – Enhance Human Working Memory in Younger and Older ParticipantsFlávia Schechtman Belham0Flávia Schechtman Belham1Maria Clotilde H. Tavares2Corina Satler3Ana Garcia4Ana Garcia5Rosângela C. Rodrigues6Soraya L. de Sá Canabarro7Carlos Tomaz8Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BrazilInstitute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United KingdomLaboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BrazilFaculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BrazilLaboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BrazilEuro-American University Center (UNIEURO), Brasilia, BrazilLaboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BrazilLaboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BrazilNeuroscience Research Program, CEUMA University, São Luís, BrazilMany studies have investigated the influence of emotion on memory processes across the human lifespan. Some results have shown older adults (OA) performing better with positive stimuli, some with negative items, whereas some found no impact of emotional valence. Here we tested, in two independent studies, how younger adults (YA) and OA would perform in a visuospatial working memory (VSWM) task with positive, negative, and neutral images. The task consisted of identifying the new location of a stimulus in a crescent set of identical stimuli presented in different locations in a touch-screen monitor. In other words, participants should memorize the locations previously occupied to identify the new location. For each trial, the number of occupied locations increased until 8 or until a mistake was made. In study 1, 56 YA and 38 OA completed the task using images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Results showed that, although YA outperformed OA, no effects of emotion were found. In study 2, 26 YA and 25 OA were tested using facial expressions as stimuli. Data from this study showed that negative faces facilitated performance and this effect did not differ between age groups. No differences were found between men and women. Taken together, our findings suggest that YA and OA’s VSWM can be influenced by the emotional valence of the information, though this effect was present only for facial stimuli. Presumably, this may have happened due to the social and biological importance of such stimuli, which are more effective in transmitting emotions than IAPS images. Critically, our results also indicate that the mixed findings in the literature about the influence of aging on the interactions between memory and emotion may be caused by the use of different stimuli and methods. This possibility should be kept in mind in future studies about memory and emotion across the lifespan.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00668/fullagingvisuospatial working memoryemotionfacial stimuliIAPS |
| spellingShingle | Flávia Schechtman Belham Flávia Schechtman Belham Maria Clotilde H. Tavares Corina Satler Ana Garcia Ana Garcia Rosângela C. Rodrigues Soraya L. de Sá Canabarro Carlos Tomaz Negative Facial Expressions – But Not Visual Scenes – Enhance Human Working Memory in Younger and Older Participants Frontiers in Pharmacology aging visuospatial working memory emotion facial stimuli IAPS |
| title | Negative Facial Expressions – But Not Visual Scenes – Enhance Human Working Memory in Younger and Older Participants |
| title_full | Negative Facial Expressions – But Not Visual Scenes – Enhance Human Working Memory in Younger and Older Participants |
| title_fullStr | Negative Facial Expressions – But Not Visual Scenes – Enhance Human Working Memory in Younger and Older Participants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Negative Facial Expressions – But Not Visual Scenes – Enhance Human Working Memory in Younger and Older Participants |
| title_short | Negative Facial Expressions – But Not Visual Scenes – Enhance Human Working Memory in Younger and Older Participants |
| title_sort | negative facial expressions but not visual scenes enhance human working memory in younger and older participants |
| topic | aging visuospatial working memory emotion facial stimuli IAPS |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00668/full |
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