Partitioning of Ambrosia Beetle Diversity on Teak Plantations in Java, Sumbawa, and Sulawesi Islands
Ambrosia beetles are the largest group of beetles living mutualistically with ambrosia fungi. Increased global shipments of forest and agricultural products have expanded the distribution of some species of ambrosia beetle. We investigated the partitioning diversity of the ambrosia beetle community...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/12/2111 |
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| author | Hagus Tarno Yogo Setiawan Jianguo Wang Satoshi Ito M. Bayu Mario Taufik Kurahman Medyanti Suraningwulan Asri Ainun Amaliah Nur Indah Sari Muhammad Alifuddin Achmad |
| author_facet | Hagus Tarno Yogo Setiawan Jianguo Wang Satoshi Ito M. Bayu Mario Taufik Kurahman Medyanti Suraningwulan Asri Ainun Amaliah Nur Indah Sari Muhammad Alifuddin Achmad |
| author_sort | Hagus Tarno |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ambrosia beetles are the largest group of beetles living mutualistically with ambrosia fungi. Increased global shipments of forest and agricultural products have expanded the distribution of some species of ambrosia beetle. We investigated the partitioning diversity of the ambrosia beetle community on teak plantations in Indonesia’s Java, Sumbawa, and Sulawesi Islands. The ambrosia beetles were collected on the twelve sites of teak plantations with different managements (un-thinned and thinned) in Java, Sulawesi, and Sumbawa Islands. Ambrosia beetles were collected ten times at 7-day intervals. The diversity of ambrosia beetles recorded in teak plantations across twelve sites in Java, Sumbawa, and Sulawesi Islands were 17 species and 6154 individuals. <i>Xyleborus affinis</i> (47.17%), <i>Xylosandrus crassiusculus</i> (27.64%), and <i>Hypothenemus</i> sp. (12.33%) were the three dominant species. The highest and lowest species richness were found in the teak plantations in Java and Sumbawa Islands, respectively. The highest and lowest populations of ambrosia beetles were in Sulawesi and Sumbawa islands, respectively. Three factors contribute to the species richness of ambrosia beetles, i.e., temperature, rainfall, and altitude. Stand age, temperature, rainfall, altitude, and teak management contribute to ambrosia beetle abundance. Ambrosia beetle communities among islands show differences between each group, as confirmed by analysis of variance based on homogeneity of multivariate dispersion (sig. 0.001) and permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions (sign. 0.001). For the group of teak managements, there are differences between both teak managements, as confirmed by analysis of variance based on homogeneity of multivariate dispersion (sig. 0.001) and permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions (sign. 0.01). Based on the eigenvalues for PCoA axes by the Bray–Curtis method, Sulawesi Island is separate from both Java, and Sumbawa islands. However, Java and Sumbawa islands overlap each other. For groups of teak managements (thinning and non-thinning), there are overlap with each other based on the eigenvalues for PCoA axes by the Bray–Curtis method. The β<sub>-1</sub> (Within bottle trap/local scale) contributes the highest to γ-diversity (42.46%). The relative contribution of species replacement (β<sub>-sim</sub>) in multiple sites across Java, Sumbawa, and Sulawesi Islands (regional scale) provides a high contribution (85%) to overall beta diversity, and the relative contribution of β<sub>-nes</sub> to the β<sub>-sor</sub> among sites is 14.03%. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-80d207f54a334e6c8a038b485e3af3542023-11-24T14:55:37ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072022-12-011312211110.3390/f13122111Partitioning of Ambrosia Beetle Diversity on Teak Plantations in Java, Sumbawa, and Sulawesi IslandsHagus Tarno0Yogo Setiawan1Jianguo Wang2Satoshi Ito3M. Bayu Mario4Taufik Kurahman5Medyanti Suraningwulan6Asri Ainun Amaliah7Nur Indah Sari8Muhammad Alifuddin Achmad9Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, IndonesiaDepartment of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, IndonesiaDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1, Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanDepartment of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaDepartment of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, IndonesiaDepartment of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, IndonesiaDepartment of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaDepartment of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaDepartment of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaAmbrosia beetles are the largest group of beetles living mutualistically with ambrosia fungi. Increased global shipments of forest and agricultural products have expanded the distribution of some species of ambrosia beetle. We investigated the partitioning diversity of the ambrosia beetle community on teak plantations in Indonesia’s Java, Sumbawa, and Sulawesi Islands. The ambrosia beetles were collected on the twelve sites of teak plantations with different managements (un-thinned and thinned) in Java, Sulawesi, and Sumbawa Islands. Ambrosia beetles were collected ten times at 7-day intervals. The diversity of ambrosia beetles recorded in teak plantations across twelve sites in Java, Sumbawa, and Sulawesi Islands were 17 species and 6154 individuals. <i>Xyleborus affinis</i> (47.17%), <i>Xylosandrus crassiusculus</i> (27.64%), and <i>Hypothenemus</i> sp. (12.33%) were the three dominant species. The highest and lowest species richness were found in the teak plantations in Java and Sumbawa Islands, respectively. The highest and lowest populations of ambrosia beetles were in Sulawesi and Sumbawa islands, respectively. Three factors contribute to the species richness of ambrosia beetles, i.e., temperature, rainfall, and altitude. Stand age, temperature, rainfall, altitude, and teak management contribute to ambrosia beetle abundance. Ambrosia beetle communities among islands show differences between each group, as confirmed by analysis of variance based on homogeneity of multivariate dispersion (sig. 0.001) and permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions (sign. 0.001). For the group of teak managements, there are differences between both teak managements, as confirmed by analysis of variance based on homogeneity of multivariate dispersion (sig. 0.001) and permutation test for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions (sign. 0.01). Based on the eigenvalues for PCoA axes by the Bray–Curtis method, Sulawesi Island is separate from both Java, and Sumbawa islands. However, Java and Sumbawa islands overlap each other. For groups of teak managements (thinning and non-thinning), there are overlap with each other based on the eigenvalues for PCoA axes by the Bray–Curtis method. The β<sub>-1</sub> (Within bottle trap/local scale) contributes the highest to γ-diversity (42.46%). The relative contribution of species replacement (β<sub>-sim</sub>) in multiple sites across Java, Sumbawa, and Sulawesi Islands (regional scale) provides a high contribution (85%) to overall beta diversity, and the relative contribution of β<sub>-nes</sub> to the β<sub>-sor</sub> among sites is 14.03%.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/12/2111partitioning diversityteak managementteak plantationspecies richness and abundanceambrosia beetlethinning |
| spellingShingle | Hagus Tarno Yogo Setiawan Jianguo Wang Satoshi Ito M. Bayu Mario Taufik Kurahman Medyanti Suraningwulan Asri Ainun Amaliah Nur Indah Sari Muhammad Alifuddin Achmad Partitioning of Ambrosia Beetle Diversity on Teak Plantations in Java, Sumbawa, and Sulawesi Islands Forests partitioning diversity teak management teak plantation species richness and abundance ambrosia beetle thinning |
| title | Partitioning of Ambrosia Beetle Diversity on Teak Plantations in Java, Sumbawa, and Sulawesi Islands |
| title_full | Partitioning of Ambrosia Beetle Diversity on Teak Plantations in Java, Sumbawa, and Sulawesi Islands |
| title_fullStr | Partitioning of Ambrosia Beetle Diversity on Teak Plantations in Java, Sumbawa, and Sulawesi Islands |
| title_full_unstemmed | Partitioning of Ambrosia Beetle Diversity on Teak Plantations in Java, Sumbawa, and Sulawesi Islands |
| title_short | Partitioning of Ambrosia Beetle Diversity on Teak Plantations in Java, Sumbawa, and Sulawesi Islands |
| title_sort | partitioning of ambrosia beetle diversity on teak plantations in java sumbawa and sulawesi islands |
| topic | partitioning diversity teak management teak plantation species richness and abundance ambrosia beetle thinning |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/12/2111 |
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