Effect of Graphene Family Materials on Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cell Lines
The interest around the graphene family of materials is constantly growing due to their potential application in biomedical fields. The effect of graphene and its derivatives on cells varies amongst studies depending on the cell and tissue type. Since the toxicity against non-adherent cell lines has...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/15/3420 |
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| author | Barbara Strojny Sławomir Jaworski Irena Misiewicz-Krzemińska Isabel Isidro Elizabeta A. Rojas Norma C. Gutiérrez Marta Grodzik Piotr Koczoń André Chwalibog Ewa Sawosz |
| author_facet | Barbara Strojny Sławomir Jaworski Irena Misiewicz-Krzemińska Isabel Isidro Elizabeta A. Rojas Norma C. Gutiérrez Marta Grodzik Piotr Koczoń André Chwalibog Ewa Sawosz |
| author_sort | Barbara Strojny |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The interest around the graphene family of materials is constantly growing due to their potential application in biomedical fields. The effect of graphene and its derivatives on cells varies amongst studies depending on the cell and tissue type. Since the toxicity against non-adherent cell lines has barely been studied, we investigated the effect of graphene and two different graphene oxides against four multiple myeloma cell lines, namely KMS-12-BM, H929, U226, and MM.1S, as well as two non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells lines, namely KARPAS299 and DOHH-2. We performed two types of viability assays, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide conversion) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate detection), flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis induction and cell cycle, cell morphology, and direct interaction analysis using two approaches—visualization of living cells by two different systems, and visualization of fixed and dyed cells. Our results revealed that graphene and graphene oxides exhibit low to moderate cytotoxicity against cells, despite visible interaction between the cells and graphene oxide. This creates possibilities for the application of the selected graphene materials for drug delivery systems or theragnostics in hematological malignancies; however, further detailed studies are necessary to explain the nature of interactions between the cells and the materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:00:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-80d3c50e2ffb41e2b0920c13762f8ee7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:00:08Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-80d3c50e2ffb41e2b0920c13762f8ee72023-11-20T08:56:07ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-08-011315342010.3390/ma13153420Effect of Graphene Family Materials on Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cell LinesBarbara Strojny0Sławomir Jaworski1Irena Misiewicz-Krzemińska2Isabel Isidro3Elizabeta A. Rojas4Norma C. Gutiérrez5Marta Grodzik6Piotr Koczoń7André Chwalibog8Ewa Sawosz9Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, PolandHematology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, SpainHematology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, SpainHematology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, SpainHematology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, SpainDepartment of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg, DenmarkDepartment of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, PolandThe interest around the graphene family of materials is constantly growing due to their potential application in biomedical fields. The effect of graphene and its derivatives on cells varies amongst studies depending on the cell and tissue type. Since the toxicity against non-adherent cell lines has barely been studied, we investigated the effect of graphene and two different graphene oxides against four multiple myeloma cell lines, namely KMS-12-BM, H929, U226, and MM.1S, as well as two non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells lines, namely KARPAS299 and DOHH-2. We performed two types of viability assays, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide conversion) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate detection), flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis induction and cell cycle, cell morphology, and direct interaction analysis using two approaches—visualization of living cells by two different systems, and visualization of fixed and dyed cells. Our results revealed that graphene and graphene oxides exhibit low to moderate cytotoxicity against cells, despite visible interaction between the cells and graphene oxide. This creates possibilities for the application of the selected graphene materials for drug delivery systems or theragnostics in hematological malignancies; however, further detailed studies are necessary to explain the nature of interactions between the cells and the materials.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/15/3420graphenegraphene oxidenanostructurescancer cellsmultiple myelomalymphoma |
| spellingShingle | Barbara Strojny Sławomir Jaworski Irena Misiewicz-Krzemińska Isabel Isidro Elizabeta A. Rojas Norma C. Gutiérrez Marta Grodzik Piotr Koczoń André Chwalibog Ewa Sawosz Effect of Graphene Family Materials on Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cell Lines Materials graphene graphene oxide nanostructures cancer cells multiple myeloma lymphoma |
| title | Effect of Graphene Family Materials on Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cell Lines |
| title_full | Effect of Graphene Family Materials on Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cell Lines |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Graphene Family Materials on Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cell Lines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Graphene Family Materials on Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cell Lines |
| title_short | Effect of Graphene Family Materials on Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cell Lines |
| title_sort | effect of graphene family materials on multiple myeloma and non hodgkin s lymphoma cell lines |
| topic | graphene graphene oxide nanostructures cancer cells multiple myeloma lymphoma |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/15/3420 |
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