Principal component analysis on twenty years (2000–2020) of geochemical and geophysical observations at Campi Flegrei active caldera
Abstract Campi Flegrei (CF) is an active and densely populated caldera in Southern Italy, which has manifested signs of significant unrest in the last 50 years. Due to the high volcanic risk, monitoring networks of the most sensitive unrest indicators have been implemented and improved over time. Pr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45108-0 |
| _version_ | 1827781227894013952 |
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| author | Zaccaria Petrillo Simona Tripaldi Annarita Mangiacapra Sergio Scippacercola Stefano Caliro Giovanni Chiodini |
| author_facet | Zaccaria Petrillo Simona Tripaldi Annarita Mangiacapra Sergio Scippacercola Stefano Caliro Giovanni Chiodini |
| author_sort | Zaccaria Petrillo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Campi Flegrei (CF) is an active and densely populated caldera in Southern Italy, which has manifested signs of significant unrest in the last 50 years. Due to the high volcanic risk, monitoring networks of the most sensitive unrest indicators have been implemented and improved over time. Precious database constituted by geophysical and geochemical data allowed the study of the caldera unrest phases. In this paper we retrace the caldera history in the time span 2000–2020 by analyzing displacement, seismicity and geochemical time series in a unified framework. To this end, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was firstly applied only on geochemical data because of their compositional nature. The retrieved first three components were successively analyzed via PCA together with the geophysical and thermodynamical variables. Our results suggest that three independent processes relay on geochemical observations: a heating/pressurizing of the hydrothermal system, a process related to magmatic fluids injection at the hydrothermal system roots, and third process probably connected with a deeper magmatic dynamic. The actual volcano alert state seems mainly linked to the variation of the hydrothermal system activity. Our approach made it possible to explore the interrelation among observations of different nature highlighting the importance of the relative driving processes over time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:14:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-80db186a564b4cf8b673615e76051038 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:14:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-80db186a564b4cf8b673615e760510382023-10-29T12:21:31ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-10-0113111410.1038/s41598-023-45108-0Principal component analysis on twenty years (2000–2020) of geochemical and geophysical observations at Campi Flegrei active calderaZaccaria Petrillo0Simona Tripaldi1Annarita Mangiacapra2Sergio Scippacercola3Stefano Caliro4Giovanni Chiodini5Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Osservatorio VesuvianoDipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo MoroIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Osservatorio VesuvianoIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Osservatorio VesuvianoIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Osservatorio VesuvianoIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di BolognaAbstract Campi Flegrei (CF) is an active and densely populated caldera in Southern Italy, which has manifested signs of significant unrest in the last 50 years. Due to the high volcanic risk, monitoring networks of the most sensitive unrest indicators have been implemented and improved over time. Precious database constituted by geophysical and geochemical data allowed the study of the caldera unrest phases. In this paper we retrace the caldera history in the time span 2000–2020 by analyzing displacement, seismicity and geochemical time series in a unified framework. To this end, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was firstly applied only on geochemical data because of their compositional nature. The retrieved first three components were successively analyzed via PCA together with the geophysical and thermodynamical variables. Our results suggest that three independent processes relay on geochemical observations: a heating/pressurizing of the hydrothermal system, a process related to magmatic fluids injection at the hydrothermal system roots, and third process probably connected with a deeper magmatic dynamic. The actual volcano alert state seems mainly linked to the variation of the hydrothermal system activity. Our approach made it possible to explore the interrelation among observations of different nature highlighting the importance of the relative driving processes over time.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45108-0 |
| spellingShingle | Zaccaria Petrillo Simona Tripaldi Annarita Mangiacapra Sergio Scippacercola Stefano Caliro Giovanni Chiodini Principal component analysis on twenty years (2000–2020) of geochemical and geophysical observations at Campi Flegrei active caldera Scientific Reports |
| title | Principal component analysis on twenty years (2000–2020) of geochemical and geophysical observations at Campi Flegrei active caldera |
| title_full | Principal component analysis on twenty years (2000–2020) of geochemical and geophysical observations at Campi Flegrei active caldera |
| title_fullStr | Principal component analysis on twenty years (2000–2020) of geochemical and geophysical observations at Campi Flegrei active caldera |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principal component analysis on twenty years (2000–2020) of geochemical and geophysical observations at Campi Flegrei active caldera |
| title_short | Principal component analysis on twenty years (2000–2020) of geochemical and geophysical observations at Campi Flegrei active caldera |
| title_sort | principal component analysis on twenty years 2000 2020 of geochemical and geophysical observations at campi flegrei active caldera |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45108-0 |
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