The Strong Anti-Kinetoplastid Properties of Bee Propolis: Composition and Identification of the Active Agents and Their Biochemical Targets
The kinetoplastids are protozoa characterized by the presence of a distinctive organelle, called the kinetoplast, which contains a large amount of DNA (kinetoplast DNA (kDNA)) inside their single mitochondrion. Kinetoplastids of medical and veterinary importance include <i>Trypanosoma</i>...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/21/5155 |
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| author | Godwin U. Ebiloma Nahandoo Ichoron Weam Siheri David G. Watson John O. Igoli Harry P. De Koning |
| author_facet | Godwin U. Ebiloma Nahandoo Ichoron Weam Siheri David G. Watson John O. Igoli Harry P. De Koning |
| author_sort | Godwin U. Ebiloma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The kinetoplastids are protozoa characterized by the presence of a distinctive organelle, called the kinetoplast, which contains a large amount of DNA (kinetoplast DNA (kDNA)) inside their single mitochondrion. Kinetoplastids of medical and veterinary importance include <i>Trypanosoma</i> spp. (the causative agents of human and animal African Trypanosomiasis and of Chagas disease) and <i>Leishmania</i> spp. (the causative agents of the various forms of leishmaniasis). These neglected diseases affect millions of people across the globe, but drug treatment is hampered by the challenges of toxicity and drug resistance, among others. Propolis (a natural product made by bees) and compounds isolated from it are now being investigated as novel treatments of kinetoplastid infections. The anti-kinetoplastid efficacy of propolis is probably a consequence of its reported activity against kinetoplastid parasites of bees. This article presents a review of the reported anti-kinetoplastid potential of propolis, highlighting its anti-kinetoplastid activity in vitro and in vivo regardless of geographical origin. The mode of action of propolis depends on the organism it is acting on and includes growth inhibition, immunomodulation, macrophage activation, perturbation of the cell membrane architecture, phospholipid disturbances, and mitochondrial targets. This gives ample scope for further investigations toward the rational development of sustainable anti-kinetoplastid drugs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:04:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-80e8b3e4c00b46fc82489a860694180f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:04:11Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-80e8b3e4c00b46fc82489a860694180f2023-11-20T19:55:20ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-11-012521515510.3390/molecules25215155The Strong Anti-Kinetoplastid Properties of Bee Propolis: Composition and Identification of the Active Agents and Their Biochemical TargetsGodwin U. Ebiloma0Nahandoo Ichoron1Weam Siheri2David G. Watson3John O. Igoli4Harry P. De Koning5School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UKPhytochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi 2373, NigeriaStrathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UKStrathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UKPhytochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi 2373, NigeriaInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UKThe kinetoplastids are protozoa characterized by the presence of a distinctive organelle, called the kinetoplast, which contains a large amount of DNA (kinetoplast DNA (kDNA)) inside their single mitochondrion. Kinetoplastids of medical and veterinary importance include <i>Trypanosoma</i> spp. (the causative agents of human and animal African Trypanosomiasis and of Chagas disease) and <i>Leishmania</i> spp. (the causative agents of the various forms of leishmaniasis). These neglected diseases affect millions of people across the globe, but drug treatment is hampered by the challenges of toxicity and drug resistance, among others. Propolis (a natural product made by bees) and compounds isolated from it are now being investigated as novel treatments of kinetoplastid infections. The anti-kinetoplastid efficacy of propolis is probably a consequence of its reported activity against kinetoplastid parasites of bees. This article presents a review of the reported anti-kinetoplastid potential of propolis, highlighting its anti-kinetoplastid activity in vitro and in vivo regardless of geographical origin. The mode of action of propolis depends on the organism it is acting on and includes growth inhibition, immunomodulation, macrophage activation, perturbation of the cell membrane architecture, phospholipid disturbances, and mitochondrial targets. This gives ample scope for further investigations toward the rational development of sustainable anti-kinetoplastid drugs.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/21/5155propolismode-of-action<i>Trypanosoma</i>LeishmaniaCrithidiakinetoplastid |
| spellingShingle | Godwin U. Ebiloma Nahandoo Ichoron Weam Siheri David G. Watson John O. Igoli Harry P. De Koning The Strong Anti-Kinetoplastid Properties of Bee Propolis: Composition and Identification of the Active Agents and Their Biochemical Targets Molecules propolis mode-of-action <i>Trypanosoma</i> Leishmania Crithidia kinetoplastid |
| title | The Strong Anti-Kinetoplastid Properties of Bee Propolis: Composition and Identification of the Active Agents and Their Biochemical Targets |
| title_full | The Strong Anti-Kinetoplastid Properties of Bee Propolis: Composition and Identification of the Active Agents and Their Biochemical Targets |
| title_fullStr | The Strong Anti-Kinetoplastid Properties of Bee Propolis: Composition and Identification of the Active Agents and Their Biochemical Targets |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Strong Anti-Kinetoplastid Properties of Bee Propolis: Composition and Identification of the Active Agents and Their Biochemical Targets |
| title_short | The Strong Anti-Kinetoplastid Properties of Bee Propolis: Composition and Identification of the Active Agents and Their Biochemical Targets |
| title_sort | strong anti kinetoplastid properties of bee propolis composition and identification of the active agents and their biochemical targets |
| topic | propolis mode-of-action <i>Trypanosoma</i> Leishmania Crithidia kinetoplastid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/21/5155 |
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