Cognitive and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19: analysis of person-generated longitudinal health data from a community-based registry
Objective To describe cognitive symptoms in people not hospitalised at study enrolment for SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated demographics, medical history, other neuropsychiatric symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Design Longitudinal observational study.Setting Direct-to-participant registry with...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2023-06-01
|
| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/6/e069118.full |
| _version_ | 1797748900461805568 |
|---|---|
| author | Joan Largent NANCY A DREYER Stephen Toovey Matthew W Reynolds Yiqiong Xie Kendall B Knuth Emma Brinkley Christina D Mack |
| author_facet | Joan Largent NANCY A DREYER Stephen Toovey Matthew W Reynolds Yiqiong Xie Kendall B Knuth Emma Brinkley Christina D Mack |
| author_sort | Joan Largent |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective To describe cognitive symptoms in people not hospitalised at study enrolment for SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated demographics, medical history, other neuropsychiatric symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Design Longitudinal observational study.Setting Direct-to-participant registry with community-based recruitment via email and social media including Google, Facebook and Reddit, targeting adult US residents. Demographics, medical history, COVID-19-like symptoms, tests and vaccinations were collected through enrolment and follow-up surveys.Participants Participants who reported positive COVID-19 test results between 15 December 2020 and 13 December 2021. Those with cognitive symptoms were compared with those not reporting such symptoms.Main outcome measure Self-reported cognitive symptoms (defined as ‘feeling disoriented or having trouble thinking’ from listed options or related written-in symptoms)Results Of 3908 participants with a positive COVID-19 test result, 1014 (25.9%) reported cognitive symptoms at any time point during enrolment or follow-up, with approximately half reporting moderate/severe symptoms. Cognitive symptoms were associated with other neuropsychiatric symptoms, including dysgeusia, anosmia, trouble waking up, insomnia, headache, anxiety and depression. In multivariate analyses, female sex (OR, 95% CI): 1.7 (1.3 to 2.2), age (40–49 years (OR: 1.5 (1.2–1.9) compared with 18–29 years), history of autoimmune disease (OR: 1.5 (1.2–2.1)), lung disease (OR: 1.7 (1.3–2.2)) and depression (OR: 1.4 (1.1–1.7)) were associated with cognitive symptoms. Conversely, black race (OR: 0.6 (0.5–0.9)) and COVID-19 vaccination before infection (OR: 0.6 (0.4–0.7)) were associated with reduced occurrence of cognitive symptoms.Conclusions In this study, cognitive symptoms among COVID-19-positive participants were associated with female gender, age, autoimmune disorders, lung disease and depression. Vaccination and black race were associated with lower occurrence of cognitive symptoms. A constellation of neuropsychiatric and psychological symptoms occurred with cognitive symptoms. Our findings suggest COVID-19’s full health and economic burden may be underestimated.Trial registration number NCT04368065. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T16:11:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-80ed5e5dae1e44fcbc1aaf5b3ce426e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T16:11:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-80ed5e5dae1e44fcbc1aaf5b3ce426e02023-08-09T13:00:07ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552023-06-0113610.1136/bmjopen-2022-069118Cognitive and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19: analysis of person-generated longitudinal health data from a community-based registryJoan Largent0NANCY A DREYER1Stephen Toovey2Matthew W Reynolds3Yiqiong Xie4Kendall B Knuth5Emma Brinkley6Christina D Mack7Real World Solutions, IQVIA Inc, Durham, North Carolina, USAReal World Solutions, IQVIA Inc, Durham, North Carolina, USAVirology, Pegasus Research, Bottmingen, SwitzerlandReal World Solutions, IQVIA Inc, Durham, North Carolina, USAReal World Solutions, IQVIA Inc, Durham, Massachusetts, USAReal World Solutions, IQVIA Inc, Durham, North Carolina, USAReal World Solutions, IQVIA Inc, Durham, North Carolina, USAReal World Solutions, IQVIA Inc, Durham, North Carolina, USAObjective To describe cognitive symptoms in people not hospitalised at study enrolment for SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated demographics, medical history, other neuropsychiatric symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Design Longitudinal observational study.Setting Direct-to-participant registry with community-based recruitment via email and social media including Google, Facebook and Reddit, targeting adult US residents. Demographics, medical history, COVID-19-like symptoms, tests and vaccinations were collected through enrolment and follow-up surveys.Participants Participants who reported positive COVID-19 test results between 15 December 2020 and 13 December 2021. Those with cognitive symptoms were compared with those not reporting such symptoms.Main outcome measure Self-reported cognitive symptoms (defined as ‘feeling disoriented or having trouble thinking’ from listed options or related written-in symptoms)Results Of 3908 participants with a positive COVID-19 test result, 1014 (25.9%) reported cognitive symptoms at any time point during enrolment or follow-up, with approximately half reporting moderate/severe symptoms. Cognitive symptoms were associated with other neuropsychiatric symptoms, including dysgeusia, anosmia, trouble waking up, insomnia, headache, anxiety and depression. In multivariate analyses, female sex (OR, 95% CI): 1.7 (1.3 to 2.2), age (40–49 years (OR: 1.5 (1.2–1.9) compared with 18–29 years), history of autoimmune disease (OR: 1.5 (1.2–2.1)), lung disease (OR: 1.7 (1.3–2.2)) and depression (OR: 1.4 (1.1–1.7)) were associated with cognitive symptoms. Conversely, black race (OR: 0.6 (0.5–0.9)) and COVID-19 vaccination before infection (OR: 0.6 (0.4–0.7)) were associated with reduced occurrence of cognitive symptoms.Conclusions In this study, cognitive symptoms among COVID-19-positive participants were associated with female gender, age, autoimmune disorders, lung disease and depression. Vaccination and black race were associated with lower occurrence of cognitive symptoms. A constellation of neuropsychiatric and psychological symptoms occurred with cognitive symptoms. Our findings suggest COVID-19’s full health and economic burden may be underestimated.Trial registration number NCT04368065.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/6/e069118.full |
| spellingShingle | Joan Largent NANCY A DREYER Stephen Toovey Matthew W Reynolds Yiqiong Xie Kendall B Knuth Emma Brinkley Christina D Mack Cognitive and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19: analysis of person-generated longitudinal health data from a community-based registry BMJ Open |
| title | Cognitive and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19: analysis of person-generated longitudinal health data from a community-based registry |
| title_full | Cognitive and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19: analysis of person-generated longitudinal health data from a community-based registry |
| title_fullStr | Cognitive and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19: analysis of person-generated longitudinal health data from a community-based registry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cognitive and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19: analysis of person-generated longitudinal health data from a community-based registry |
| title_short | Cognitive and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19: analysis of person-generated longitudinal health data from a community-based registry |
| title_sort | cognitive and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in covid 19 analysis of person generated longitudinal health data from a community based registry |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/6/e069118.full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT joanlargent cognitiveandotherneuropsychiatricsymptomsincovid19analysisofpersongeneratedlongitudinalhealthdatafromacommunitybasedregistry AT nancyadreyer cognitiveandotherneuropsychiatricsymptomsincovid19analysisofpersongeneratedlongitudinalhealthdatafromacommunitybasedregistry AT stephentoovey cognitiveandotherneuropsychiatricsymptomsincovid19analysisofpersongeneratedlongitudinalhealthdatafromacommunitybasedregistry AT matthewwreynolds cognitiveandotherneuropsychiatricsymptomsincovid19analysisofpersongeneratedlongitudinalhealthdatafromacommunitybasedregistry AT yiqiongxie cognitiveandotherneuropsychiatricsymptomsincovid19analysisofpersongeneratedlongitudinalhealthdatafromacommunitybasedregistry AT kendallbknuth cognitiveandotherneuropsychiatricsymptomsincovid19analysisofpersongeneratedlongitudinalhealthdatafromacommunitybasedregistry AT emmabrinkley cognitiveandotherneuropsychiatricsymptomsincovid19analysisofpersongeneratedlongitudinalhealthdatafromacommunitybasedregistry AT christinadmack cognitiveandotherneuropsychiatricsymptomsincovid19analysisofpersongeneratedlongitudinalhealthdatafromacommunitybasedregistry |