Extracellular HSPs: The Potential Target for Human Disease Therapy
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved stress proteins known as molecular chaperones, which are considered to be cytoplasmic proteins with functions restricted to the intracellular compartment, such as the cytoplasm or cellular organelles. However, an increasing number of observations have...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/7/2361 |
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| author | Dong-Yi Li Shan Liang Jun-Hao Wen Ji-Xin Tang Shou-Long Deng Yi-Xun Liu |
| author_facet | Dong-Yi Li Shan Liang Jun-Hao Wen Ji-Xin Tang Shou-Long Deng Yi-Xun Liu |
| author_sort | Dong-Yi Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved stress proteins known as molecular chaperones, which are considered to be cytoplasmic proteins with functions restricted to the intracellular compartment, such as the cytoplasm or cellular organelles. However, an increasing number of observations have shown that HSPs can also be released into the extracellular matrix and can play important roles in the modulation of inflammation and immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular HSPs (eHSPs) were involved in many human diseases, such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and kidney diseases, which are all diseases that are closely linked to inflammation and immunity. In this review, we describe the types of eHSPs, discuss the mechanisms of eHSPs secretion, and then highlight their functions in the modulation of inflammation and immune responses. Finally, we take cancer as an example and discuss the possibility of targeting eHSPs for human disease therapy. A broader understanding of the function of eHSPs in development and progression of human disease is essential for developing new strategies to treat many human diseases that are critically related to inflammation and immunity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:36:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-810872a9547a4ed692c9d8b423a9e4f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:36:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-810872a9547a4ed692c9d8b423a9e4f22023-11-30T23:43:09ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-04-01277236110.3390/molecules27072361Extracellular HSPs: The Potential Target for Human Disease TherapyDong-Yi Li0Shan Liang1Jun-Hao Wen2Ji-Xin Tang3Shou-Long Deng4Yi-Xun Liu5Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, ChinaKey Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, ChinaKey Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, ChinaKey Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, ChinaNational Health Commission of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaHeat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved stress proteins known as molecular chaperones, which are considered to be cytoplasmic proteins with functions restricted to the intracellular compartment, such as the cytoplasm or cellular organelles. However, an increasing number of observations have shown that HSPs can also be released into the extracellular matrix and can play important roles in the modulation of inflammation and immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular HSPs (eHSPs) were involved in many human diseases, such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and kidney diseases, which are all diseases that are closely linked to inflammation and immunity. In this review, we describe the types of eHSPs, discuss the mechanisms of eHSPs secretion, and then highlight their functions in the modulation of inflammation and immune responses. Finally, we take cancer as an example and discuss the possibility of targeting eHSPs for human disease therapy. A broader understanding of the function of eHSPs in development and progression of human disease is essential for developing new strategies to treat many human diseases that are critically related to inflammation and immunity.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/7/2361heat shock proteinsextracellular HSPsexosomesinflammationimmune responsesmolecular chaperones |
| spellingShingle | Dong-Yi Li Shan Liang Jun-Hao Wen Ji-Xin Tang Shou-Long Deng Yi-Xun Liu Extracellular HSPs: The Potential Target for Human Disease Therapy Molecules heat shock proteins extracellular HSPs exosomes inflammation immune responses molecular chaperones |
| title | Extracellular HSPs: The Potential Target for Human Disease Therapy |
| title_full | Extracellular HSPs: The Potential Target for Human Disease Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Extracellular HSPs: The Potential Target for Human Disease Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular HSPs: The Potential Target for Human Disease Therapy |
| title_short | Extracellular HSPs: The Potential Target for Human Disease Therapy |
| title_sort | extracellular hsps the potential target for human disease therapy |
| topic | heat shock proteins extracellular HSPs exosomes inflammation immune responses molecular chaperones |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/7/2361 |
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