On the Robustness of Quantum Algorithms for Blockchain Consensus
Blockchain has revolutionized many fields, such as distributed sensor networks, finance, and cryptocurrency. Consensus between distributed network nodes is at the core of such blockchain technologies. The three primary performance measures for any consensus algorithm are scalability, security, and d...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2716 |
| _version_ | 1797437648196861952 |
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| author | Muhammad Asad Ullah Jason William Setiawan Junaid ur Rehman Hyundong Shin |
| author_facet | Muhammad Asad Ullah Jason William Setiawan Junaid ur Rehman Hyundong Shin |
| author_sort | Muhammad Asad Ullah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Blockchain has revolutionized many fields, such as distributed sensor networks, finance, and cryptocurrency. Consensus between distributed network nodes is at the core of such blockchain technologies. The three primary performance measures for any consensus algorithm are scalability, security, and decentralization. This paper evaluates the usefulness and practicality of quantum consensus algorithms for blockchain-enhanced sensor, and computing networks and evaluates them against the aforementioned performance measures. In particular, we investigate their noise robustness against quantum decoherence in quantum processors and over fiber-optic channels. We observe that the quantum noise generally increases the error rate in the list distribution. However, the effect is variable on different quantum consensus schemes. For example, the entanglement-free scheme is more affected than entanglement-based schemes for the local noise cases, while in the case of noisy optical fiber links, the effect is prominent on all quantum consensus schemes. We infer that the current quantum protocols with noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices and noisy quantum communication can only be employed for modular units in intraenterprise-level blockchain, such as Zilliqa, for sensor, and computing networks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:25:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-810e856c5c8d4d4c92949053dde312ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:25:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-810e856c5c8d4d4c92949053dde312ae2023-12-01T00:04:08ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-04-01227271610.3390/s22072716On the Robustness of Quantum Algorithms for Blockchain ConsensusMuhammad Asad Ullah0Jason William Setiawan1Junaid ur Rehman2Hyundong Shin3Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaBlockchain has revolutionized many fields, such as distributed sensor networks, finance, and cryptocurrency. Consensus between distributed network nodes is at the core of such blockchain technologies. The three primary performance measures for any consensus algorithm are scalability, security, and decentralization. This paper evaluates the usefulness and practicality of quantum consensus algorithms for blockchain-enhanced sensor, and computing networks and evaluates them against the aforementioned performance measures. In particular, we investigate their noise robustness against quantum decoherence in quantum processors and over fiber-optic channels. We observe that the quantum noise generally increases the error rate in the list distribution. However, the effect is variable on different quantum consensus schemes. For example, the entanglement-free scheme is more affected than entanglement-based schemes for the local noise cases, while in the case of noisy optical fiber links, the effect is prominent on all quantum consensus schemes. We infer that the current quantum protocols with noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices and noisy quantum communication can only be employed for modular units in intraenterprise-level blockchain, such as Zilliqa, for sensor, and computing networks.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2716blockchain consensusquantum algorithmsquantum noisedistributed sensor networksmodular computing units |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Asad Ullah Jason William Setiawan Junaid ur Rehman Hyundong Shin On the Robustness of Quantum Algorithms for Blockchain Consensus Sensors blockchain consensus quantum algorithms quantum noise distributed sensor networks modular computing units |
| title | On the Robustness of Quantum Algorithms for Blockchain Consensus |
| title_full | On the Robustness of Quantum Algorithms for Blockchain Consensus |
| title_fullStr | On the Robustness of Quantum Algorithms for Blockchain Consensus |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Robustness of Quantum Algorithms for Blockchain Consensus |
| title_short | On the Robustness of Quantum Algorithms for Blockchain Consensus |
| title_sort | on the robustness of quantum algorithms for blockchain consensus |
| topic | blockchain consensus quantum algorithms quantum noise distributed sensor networks modular computing units |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2716 |
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