The determination of highly time-resolved and source-separated black carbon emission rates using radon as a tracer of atmospheric dynamics
<p>We present a new method for the determination of the source-specific black carbon emission rates. The methodology was applied in two different environments: an urban location in Ljubljana and a rural one in the Vipava valley (Slovenia, Europe), which differ in pollution sources and topograp...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/14139/2020/acp-20-14139-2020.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819092743315521536 |
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| author | A. Gregorič A. Gregorič L. Drinovec L. Drinovec L. Drinovec I. Ježek J. Vaupotič M. Lenarčič D. Grauf L. Wang L. Wang M. Mole M. Mole S. Stanič G. Močnik G. Močnik G. Močnik |
| author_facet | A. Gregorič A. Gregorič L. Drinovec L. Drinovec L. Drinovec I. Ježek J. Vaupotič M. Lenarčič D. Grauf L. Wang L. Wang M. Mole M. Mole S. Stanič G. Močnik G. Močnik G. Močnik |
| author_sort | A. Gregorič |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>We present a new method for the determination of the
source-specific black carbon emission rates. The methodology was applied in
two different environments: an urban location in Ljubljana and a rural one
in the Vipava valley (Slovenia, Europe), which differ in pollution sources
and topography. The atmospheric dynamics was quantified using the
atmospheric radon (<span class="inline-formula"><sup>222</sup></span>Rn) concentration to determine the mixing layer
height for periods of thermally driven planetary boundary layer evolution.
The black carbon emission rate was determined using an improved box model
taking into account boundary layer depth and a horizontal advection term,
describing the temporal and spatial exponential decay of black carbon
concentration. The rural Vipava valley is impacted by a significantly higher
contribution to black carbon concentration from biomass burning during
winter (60 %) in comparison to Ljubljana (27 %). Daily averaged black
carbon emission rates in Ljubljana were
210 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 110 and 260 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 110 <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="unit"><mi mathvariant="normal">µ</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mspace width="0.125em" linebreak="nobreak"/><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></mrow></msup><mspace width="0.125em" linebreak="nobreak"/><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="53pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="c8a1e8ec91a0bb9cfa9312c70ff1edd8"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-20-14139-2020-ie00001.svg" width="53pt" height="15pt" src="acp-20-14139-2020-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> in
spring and winter, respectively. Overall black carbon emission rates in
Vipava valley were only slightly lower compared to Ljubljana: 150 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 60 and
250 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 160 <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="unit"><mi mathvariant="normal">µ</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mspace linebreak="nobreak" width="0.125em"/><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></mrow></msup><mspace linebreak="nobreak" width="0.125em"/><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="53pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="e1d4f13000bf19fdc3f10d7d43478e0e"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-20-14139-2020-ie00002.svg" width="53pt" height="15pt" src="acp-20-14139-2020-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> in spring and winter,
respectively. Different daily dynamics of biomass burning and traffic
emissions was responsible for slightly higher contribution of biomass
burning to measured black carbon concentration, compared to the fraction of
its emission rate. Coupling the high-time-resolution measurements of black
carbon concentration with atmospheric radon concentration measurements can
provide a useful tool for direct, highly time-resolved measurements of the
intensity of emission sources. Source-specific emission rates can be used to
assess the efficiency of pollution mitigation measures over longer time
periods, thereby avoiding the influence of variable meteorology.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T23:00:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8110e9273b0f49e3854ec81d75ef3468 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T23:00:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-8110e9273b0f49e3854ec81d75ef34682022-12-21T18:47:18ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242020-11-0120141391416210.5194/acp-20-14139-2020The determination of highly time-resolved and source-separated black carbon emission rates using radon as a tracer of atmospheric dynamicsA. Gregorič0A. Gregorič1L. Drinovec2L. Drinovec3L. Drinovec4I. Ježek5J. Vaupotič6M. Lenarčič7D. Grauf8L. Wang9L. Wang10M. Mole11M. Mole12S. Stanič13G. Močnik14G. Močnik15G. Močnik16Aerosol d.o.o., Ljubljana, 1000, SloveniaCentre for Atmospheric Research, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, 5000, SloveniaAerosol d.o.o., Ljubljana, 1000, SloveniaCentre for Atmospheric Research, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, 5000, SloveniaDepartment of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, SloveniaAerosol d.o.o., Ljubljana, 1000, SloveniaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, SloveniaAerovizija d.o.o., Ljubljana, 1000, SloveniaAerovizija d.o.o., Ljubljana, 1000, SloveniaCentre for Atmospheric Research, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, 5000, SloveniaSchool of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi’an, 710048, ChinaCentre for Atmospheric Research, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, 5000, SloveniaQuasar Science Resources S.L., Madrid, 28232, SpainCentre for Atmospheric Research, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, 5000, SloveniaAerosol d.o.o., Ljubljana, 1000, SloveniaCentre for Atmospheric Research, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, 5000, SloveniaDepartment of Condensed Matter Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia<p>We present a new method for the determination of the source-specific black carbon emission rates. The methodology was applied in two different environments: an urban location in Ljubljana and a rural one in the Vipava valley (Slovenia, Europe), which differ in pollution sources and topography. The atmospheric dynamics was quantified using the atmospheric radon (<span class="inline-formula"><sup>222</sup></span>Rn) concentration to determine the mixing layer height for periods of thermally driven planetary boundary layer evolution. The black carbon emission rate was determined using an improved box model taking into account boundary layer depth and a horizontal advection term, describing the temporal and spatial exponential decay of black carbon concentration. The rural Vipava valley is impacted by a significantly higher contribution to black carbon concentration from biomass burning during winter (60 %) in comparison to Ljubljana (27 %). Daily averaged black carbon emission rates in Ljubljana were 210 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 110 and 260 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 110 <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="unit"><mi mathvariant="normal">µ</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mspace width="0.125em" linebreak="nobreak"/><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></mrow></msup><mspace width="0.125em" linebreak="nobreak"/><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="53pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="c8a1e8ec91a0bb9cfa9312c70ff1edd8"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-20-14139-2020-ie00001.svg" width="53pt" height="15pt" src="acp-20-14139-2020-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> in spring and winter, respectively. Overall black carbon emission rates in Vipava valley were only slightly lower compared to Ljubljana: 150 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 60 and 250 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 160 <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="unit"><mi mathvariant="normal">µ</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mspace linebreak="nobreak" width="0.125em"/><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></mrow></msup><mspace linebreak="nobreak" width="0.125em"/><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="53pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="e1d4f13000bf19fdc3f10d7d43478e0e"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-20-14139-2020-ie00002.svg" width="53pt" height="15pt" src="acp-20-14139-2020-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> in spring and winter, respectively. Different daily dynamics of biomass burning and traffic emissions was responsible for slightly higher contribution of biomass burning to measured black carbon concentration, compared to the fraction of its emission rate. Coupling the high-time-resolution measurements of black carbon concentration with atmospheric radon concentration measurements can provide a useful tool for direct, highly time-resolved measurements of the intensity of emission sources. Source-specific emission rates can be used to assess the efficiency of pollution mitigation measures over longer time periods, thereby avoiding the influence of variable meteorology.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/14139/2020/acp-20-14139-2020.pdf |
| spellingShingle | A. Gregorič A. Gregorič L. Drinovec L. Drinovec L. Drinovec I. Ježek J. Vaupotič M. Lenarčič D. Grauf L. Wang L. Wang M. Mole M. Mole S. Stanič G. Močnik G. Močnik G. Močnik The determination of highly time-resolved and source-separated black carbon emission rates using radon as a tracer of atmospheric dynamics Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | The determination of highly time-resolved and source-separated black carbon emission rates using radon as a tracer of atmospheric dynamics |
| title_full | The determination of highly time-resolved and source-separated black carbon emission rates using radon as a tracer of atmospheric dynamics |
| title_fullStr | The determination of highly time-resolved and source-separated black carbon emission rates using radon as a tracer of atmospheric dynamics |
| title_full_unstemmed | The determination of highly time-resolved and source-separated black carbon emission rates using radon as a tracer of atmospheric dynamics |
| title_short | The determination of highly time-resolved and source-separated black carbon emission rates using radon as a tracer of atmospheric dynamics |
| title_sort | determination of highly time resolved and source separated black carbon emission rates using radon as a tracer of atmospheric dynamics |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/14139/2020/acp-20-14139-2020.pdf |
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