Importation trends in antibiotics for veterinary use in Rwanda: A retrospective study between 2019 and 2021.
Estimating antibiotic consumption in animals is fundamental to guiding decision-making and research on controlling the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in humans, animals, and the environment. This study aimed to establish importation trends of antibiotics for veterinary use in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0299917&type=printable |
| _version_ | 1797194949960138752 |
|---|---|
| author | Rosine Manishimwe Balthazar Ndayisenga Richard Habimana Ivan Emile Mwikarago Theobald Habiyaremye Jean Paul Ndindibije Anselme Shyaka Joseph Kabatende Vedaste Habyalimana Charles Karangwa Emile Bienvenu |
| author_facet | Rosine Manishimwe Balthazar Ndayisenga Richard Habimana Ivan Emile Mwikarago Theobald Habiyaremye Jean Paul Ndindibije Anselme Shyaka Joseph Kabatende Vedaste Habyalimana Charles Karangwa Emile Bienvenu |
| author_sort | Rosine Manishimwe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Estimating antibiotic consumption in animals is fundamental to guiding decision-making and research on controlling the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in humans, animals, and the environment. This study aimed to establish importation trends of antibiotics for veterinary use in Rwanda between 2019 and 2021. Data was collected from the Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority's database. Quantities of imported antibiotic active ingredients were computed using the information extracted from the issued import licenses. These quantities were subsequently adjusted per animal biomass. In total, 35,291.4 kg of antibiotics were imported into Rwanda between 2019 and 2021, with an annual mean of 11,763.8 ± 1,486.9 kg. The adjustment of imported quantities of antibiotics per animal biomass revealed that 29.1 mg/kg, 24.3 mg/kg, and 30.3 mg/kg were imported in 2019, 2020, and 2021 respectively. A slight but not statistically significant decline in antibiotic importation was noted in 2020 (p-value = 0.547). Most of the imported antibiotics were indicated to be used in food-producing animals (35,253.8 kg or 99.9% of the imported antibiotics). Tetracyclines (17,768.6 kg or 50.3%), followed by sulfonamides (7,865.0 kg or 22.3%) and aminoglycosides (4,071.1 kg or 11.5%), were the most imported antibiotics over the studied period. It was noted that 78.9% of the imported antibiotics were categorized as highly important antimicrobials for human medicine. This study established a generalized overview of the importation of antibiotics for veterinary use in Rwanda. These results can serve as guidance for the control of antibiotic misuse. They can be used to make a correlation between antibiotic importation, antibiotic consumption, and the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in the country. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T06:04:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8132533fa6204a80b8ea1ae40899c6d2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T06:04:25Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-8132533fa6204a80b8ea1ae40899c6d22024-04-23T05:31:25ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032024-01-01193e029991710.1371/journal.pone.0299917Importation trends in antibiotics for veterinary use in Rwanda: A retrospective study between 2019 and 2021.Rosine ManishimweBalthazar NdayisengaRichard HabimanaIvan Emile MwikaragoTheobald HabiyaremyeJean Paul NdindibijeAnselme ShyakaJoseph KabatendeVedaste HabyalimanaCharles KarangwaEmile BienvenuEstimating antibiotic consumption in animals is fundamental to guiding decision-making and research on controlling the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in humans, animals, and the environment. This study aimed to establish importation trends of antibiotics for veterinary use in Rwanda between 2019 and 2021. Data was collected from the Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority's database. Quantities of imported antibiotic active ingredients were computed using the information extracted from the issued import licenses. These quantities were subsequently adjusted per animal biomass. In total, 35,291.4 kg of antibiotics were imported into Rwanda between 2019 and 2021, with an annual mean of 11,763.8 ± 1,486.9 kg. The adjustment of imported quantities of antibiotics per animal biomass revealed that 29.1 mg/kg, 24.3 mg/kg, and 30.3 mg/kg were imported in 2019, 2020, and 2021 respectively. A slight but not statistically significant decline in antibiotic importation was noted in 2020 (p-value = 0.547). Most of the imported antibiotics were indicated to be used in food-producing animals (35,253.8 kg or 99.9% of the imported antibiotics). Tetracyclines (17,768.6 kg or 50.3%), followed by sulfonamides (7,865.0 kg or 22.3%) and aminoglycosides (4,071.1 kg or 11.5%), were the most imported antibiotics over the studied period. It was noted that 78.9% of the imported antibiotics were categorized as highly important antimicrobials for human medicine. This study established a generalized overview of the importation of antibiotics for veterinary use in Rwanda. These results can serve as guidance for the control of antibiotic misuse. They can be used to make a correlation between antibiotic importation, antibiotic consumption, and the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in the country.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0299917&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Rosine Manishimwe Balthazar Ndayisenga Richard Habimana Ivan Emile Mwikarago Theobald Habiyaremye Jean Paul Ndindibije Anselme Shyaka Joseph Kabatende Vedaste Habyalimana Charles Karangwa Emile Bienvenu Importation trends in antibiotics for veterinary use in Rwanda: A retrospective study between 2019 and 2021. PLoS ONE |
| title | Importation trends in antibiotics for veterinary use in Rwanda: A retrospective study between 2019 and 2021. |
| title_full | Importation trends in antibiotics for veterinary use in Rwanda: A retrospective study between 2019 and 2021. |
| title_fullStr | Importation trends in antibiotics for veterinary use in Rwanda: A retrospective study between 2019 and 2021. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Importation trends in antibiotics for veterinary use in Rwanda: A retrospective study between 2019 and 2021. |
| title_short | Importation trends in antibiotics for veterinary use in Rwanda: A retrospective study between 2019 and 2021. |
| title_sort | importation trends in antibiotics for veterinary use in rwanda a retrospective study between 2019 and 2021 |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0299917&type=printable |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rosinemanishimwe importationtrendsinantibioticsforveterinaryuseinrwandaaretrospectivestudybetween2019and2021 AT balthazarndayisenga importationtrendsinantibioticsforveterinaryuseinrwandaaretrospectivestudybetween2019and2021 AT richardhabimana importationtrendsinantibioticsforveterinaryuseinrwandaaretrospectivestudybetween2019and2021 AT ivanemilemwikarago importationtrendsinantibioticsforveterinaryuseinrwandaaretrospectivestudybetween2019and2021 AT theobaldhabiyaremye importationtrendsinantibioticsforveterinaryuseinrwandaaretrospectivestudybetween2019and2021 AT jeanpaulndindibije importationtrendsinantibioticsforveterinaryuseinrwandaaretrospectivestudybetween2019and2021 AT anselmeshyaka importationtrendsinantibioticsforveterinaryuseinrwandaaretrospectivestudybetween2019and2021 AT josephkabatende importationtrendsinantibioticsforveterinaryuseinrwandaaretrospectivestudybetween2019and2021 AT vedastehabyalimana importationtrendsinantibioticsforveterinaryuseinrwandaaretrospectivestudybetween2019and2021 AT charleskarangwa importationtrendsinantibioticsforveterinaryuseinrwandaaretrospectivestudybetween2019and2021 AT emilebienvenu importationtrendsinantibioticsforveterinaryuseinrwandaaretrospectivestudybetween2019and2021 |