PPAR𝛾 gene and atherosclerosis: Genetic polymorphisms, epigenetics and therapeutic implications
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world. It is characterized by the formation of a plaque in the walls of middle and large arteries leading to macrovascular complications. Several risk factors are included, with diabetes being one of the most important...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Sciendo
2018-10-01
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| Series: | Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2478/bjmg-2018-0011 |
| _version_ | 1797705332200308736 |
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| author | Grbić E Peterlin A Kunej T Petrovič D |
| author_facet | Grbić E Peterlin A Kunej T Petrovič D |
| author_sort | Grbić E |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world. It is characterized by the formation of a plaque in the walls of middle and large arteries leading to macrovascular complications. Several risk factors are included, with diabetes being one of the most important for the onset and development of atherosclerosis. Due to an increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the world, the incidence of diabetic complications (microvascular and macrovascular) is increasing. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) plays a important role in atherosclerotic processes. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ belongs to the superfamily of nuclear receptors, has a great presence in fat tissue, macrophages, and regulates gene expression and most of the processes that lead to the onset and development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the basic patho-physiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, we discuss the impact of PPARγ polymorphisms, and the epigenetic mechanisms affecting the onset of atherosclerosis, i.e, DNA methylation and demethylation, histone acetylation and deacetylation, and RNA-based mechanisms. Moreover, we add therapeutic possibilities for acting on epigenetic mechanisms in order to prevent the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T05:34:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8135297f9ea6432e8f70175b20c56555 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1311-0160 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T05:34:33Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | Sciendo |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-8135297f9ea6432e8f70175b20c565552023-09-03T06:32:19ZengSciendoBalkan Journal of Medical Genetics1311-01602018-10-01211394610.2478/bjmg-2018-0011bjmg-2018-0011PPAR𝛾 gene and atherosclerosis: Genetic polymorphisms, epigenetics and therapeutic implicationsGrbić E0Peterlin A1Kunej T2Petrovič D3University of Tuzla, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Tuzla, Bosnia and HerzegovinaInstitute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine University Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine University Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaAtherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world. It is characterized by the formation of a plaque in the walls of middle and large arteries leading to macrovascular complications. Several risk factors are included, with diabetes being one of the most important for the onset and development of atherosclerosis. Due to an increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the world, the incidence of diabetic complications (microvascular and macrovascular) is increasing. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) plays a important role in atherosclerotic processes. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ belongs to the superfamily of nuclear receptors, has a great presence in fat tissue, macrophages, and regulates gene expression and most of the processes that lead to the onset and development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the basic patho-physiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, we discuss the impact of PPARγ polymorphisms, and the epigenetic mechanisms affecting the onset of atherosclerosis, i.e, DNA methylation and demethylation, histone acetylation and deacetylation, and RNA-based mechanisms. Moreover, we add therapeutic possibilities for acting on epigenetic mechanisms in order to prevent the onset and progression of atherosclerosis.https://doi.org/10.2478/bjmg-2018-0011atherosclerosiscarotid atherosclerosiscoronary artery disease (cad)peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (pparγ) polymorphismsepigenetics of pparγtherapeutic possibilitiespathophysiology |
| spellingShingle | Grbić E Peterlin A Kunej T Petrovič D PPAR𝛾 gene and atherosclerosis: Genetic polymorphisms, epigenetics and therapeutic implications Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics atherosclerosis carotid atherosclerosis coronary artery disease (cad) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (pparγ) polymorphisms epigenetics of pparγ therapeutic possibilities pathophysiology |
| title | PPAR𝛾 gene and atherosclerosis: Genetic polymorphisms, epigenetics and therapeutic implications |
| title_full | PPAR𝛾 gene and atherosclerosis: Genetic polymorphisms, epigenetics and therapeutic implications |
| title_fullStr | PPAR𝛾 gene and atherosclerosis: Genetic polymorphisms, epigenetics and therapeutic implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | PPAR𝛾 gene and atherosclerosis: Genetic polymorphisms, epigenetics and therapeutic implications |
| title_short | PPAR𝛾 gene and atherosclerosis: Genetic polymorphisms, epigenetics and therapeutic implications |
| title_sort | ppar𝛾 gene and atherosclerosis genetic polymorphisms epigenetics and therapeutic implications |
| topic | atherosclerosis carotid atherosclerosis coronary artery disease (cad) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (pparγ) polymorphisms epigenetics of pparγ therapeutic possibilities pathophysiology |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2478/bjmg-2018-0011 |
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