The influence of citrus aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on the cardiac autonomic response: a double blind crossover design
Background The purpose of this study was to examine the resting cardiac autonomic nervous system’s response to the ingestion of a complex containing Citrus aurantium + Caffeine (CA + C) and its influence on recovery following a high-intensity anaerobic exercise bout in habitual caffeine users. Metho...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2018-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0240-0 |
| _version_ | 1797685022755389440 |
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| author | Brian Kliszczewicz Emily Bechke Cassie Williamson Paul Bailey Wade Hoffstetter John McLester Cherilyn McLester |
| author_facet | Brian Kliszczewicz Emily Bechke Cassie Williamson Paul Bailey Wade Hoffstetter John McLester Cherilyn McLester |
| author_sort | Brian Kliszczewicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background The purpose of this study was to examine the resting cardiac autonomic nervous system’s response to the ingestion of a complex containing Citrus aurantium + Caffeine (CA + C) and its influence on recovery following a high-intensity anaerobic exercise bout in habitual caffeine users. Methods Ten physically active males (25.1 ± 3.9 years; weight 78.71 ± 9.53 kg; height 177.2 ± 4.6 cm; body fat 15.5 ± 3.13%) participated in this study, which consisted of two exhaustive exercise protocols in a randomized crossover design. On each visit the participants consumed either a CA + C (100 mg of CA and 100 mg of C) or placebo (dextrose) capsule. After consumption, participants were monitored throughout a 45-min ingestion period, then completed a repeated Wingate protocol, and were then monitored throughout a 45-min recovery period. Cardiac autonomic function (Heart Rate (HR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV)) and plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) were taken at four different time points; Ingestion period: baseline (I1), post-ingestion period (I2); Recovery period: immediately post-exercise (R1), post-recovery period (R2). Heart rate variability was assessed in 5-min increments. Results A repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant time-dependent increases in HR, sympathetic related markers of HRV, and plasma E and NE at I2 only in the CA + C trial (p < 0.05); however, no meaningful changes in parasympathetic markers of HRV were observed. Participants recovered in a similar time-dependent manner in all markers of HRV and catecholamines following the PLA and CA + C trials. Conclusion The consumption of CA + C results in an increase of sympathetic activity during resting conditions without influencing parasympathetic activity. CA + C provides no influence over cardiac autonomic recovery. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:38:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8135845bfd5349aebf7e557c45cdde3f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1550-2783 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:38:20Z |
| publishDate | 2018-07-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-8135845bfd5349aebf7e557c45cdde3f2023-09-15T09:19:29ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition1550-27832018-07-0115110.1186/s12970-018-0240-012130053The influence of citrus aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on the cardiac autonomic response: a double blind crossover designBrian Kliszczewicz0Emily Bechke1Cassie Williamson2Paul Bailey3Wade Hoffstetter4John McLester5Cherilyn McLester6Department of Exercise Science and Sport ManagementDepartment of Exercise Science and Sport ManagementDepartment of Exercise Science and Sport ManagementDepartment of Exercise Science and Sport ManagementDepartment of Exercise Science and Sport ManagementDepartment of Exercise Science and Sport ManagementDepartment of Exercise Science and Sport ManagementBackground The purpose of this study was to examine the resting cardiac autonomic nervous system’s response to the ingestion of a complex containing Citrus aurantium + Caffeine (CA + C) and its influence on recovery following a high-intensity anaerobic exercise bout in habitual caffeine users. Methods Ten physically active males (25.1 ± 3.9 years; weight 78.71 ± 9.53 kg; height 177.2 ± 4.6 cm; body fat 15.5 ± 3.13%) participated in this study, which consisted of two exhaustive exercise protocols in a randomized crossover design. On each visit the participants consumed either a CA + C (100 mg of CA and 100 mg of C) or placebo (dextrose) capsule. After consumption, participants were monitored throughout a 45-min ingestion period, then completed a repeated Wingate protocol, and were then monitored throughout a 45-min recovery period. Cardiac autonomic function (Heart Rate (HR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV)) and plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) were taken at four different time points; Ingestion period: baseline (I1), post-ingestion period (I2); Recovery period: immediately post-exercise (R1), post-recovery period (R2). Heart rate variability was assessed in 5-min increments. Results A repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant time-dependent increases in HR, sympathetic related markers of HRV, and plasma E and NE at I2 only in the CA + C trial (p < 0.05); however, no meaningful changes in parasympathetic markers of HRV were observed. Participants recovered in a similar time-dependent manner in all markers of HRV and catecholamines following the PLA and CA + C trials. Conclusion The consumption of CA + C results in an increase of sympathetic activity during resting conditions without influencing parasympathetic activity. CA + C provides no influence over cardiac autonomic recovery.http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0240-0p-synephrineheart rate variabilitycaffeineanaerobicrecovery |
| spellingShingle | Brian Kliszczewicz Emily Bechke Cassie Williamson Paul Bailey Wade Hoffstetter John McLester Cherilyn McLester The influence of citrus aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on the cardiac autonomic response: a double blind crossover design Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition p-synephrine heart rate variability caffeine anaerobic recovery |
| title | The influence of citrus aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on the cardiac autonomic response: a double blind crossover design |
| title_full | The influence of citrus aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on the cardiac autonomic response: a double blind crossover design |
| title_fullStr | The influence of citrus aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on the cardiac autonomic response: a double blind crossover design |
| title_full_unstemmed | The influence of citrus aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on the cardiac autonomic response: a double blind crossover design |
| title_short | The influence of citrus aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on the cardiac autonomic response: a double blind crossover design |
| title_sort | influence of citrus aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on the cardiac autonomic response a double blind crossover design |
| topic | p-synephrine heart rate variability caffeine anaerobic recovery |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0240-0 |
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