Silent red blood cell autoantibodies: Are they naturally occurring or an effect of tolerance loss for a subsequent autoimmune process?
Unexpected anti-red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies are routinely investigated in immunohematology and blood banking since their existence in pregnant women may induce haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn, and their presence in donors may induce haemolytic transfusion reactions or hyperacute...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Autoimmunity |
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08916934.2020.1799989 |
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| author | Honorio Torres-Aguilar Sorely Adelina Sosa-Luis William de Jesús Ríos-Ríos María de los Ángeles Romero-Tlalolini Sergio Roberto Aguilar-Ruiz |
| author_facet | Honorio Torres-Aguilar Sorely Adelina Sosa-Luis William de Jesús Ríos-Ríos María de los Ángeles Romero-Tlalolini Sergio Roberto Aguilar-Ruiz |
| author_sort | Honorio Torres-Aguilar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Unexpected anti-red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies are routinely investigated in immunohematology and blood banking since their existence in pregnant women may induce haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn, and their presence in donors may induce haemolytic transfusion reactions or hyperacute rejection in solid organ transplantation. Unexpected anti-RBC alloantibodies may target antigens of the most blood types excluding the expected antibodies targeting the ABO antigens. Their incidence in humans was originally linked to alloimmunization events such as blood transfusions, transplants, or pregnancies. But later, many findings revealed their existence in pathogenic processes such as malignancies, infections, and autoimmune diseases; and usually (but not always) associated to autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). Nevertheless, unexpected anti-RBC autoantibodies are also occasionally found in healthy individuals in the absence of AIHA and with no history of alloimmunization or the associated pathologic processes. Hence, they are generally known as non-clinically significant, are excluded for typification and called “silent red blood cell autoantibodies (SRBCAA)”. This review highlights evidence related to genetic predisposition, molecular mimicry, immune dysregulation, and immune tolerance loss surrounding the existence of anti-RBC antibodies, describing the presence of SRBCAA as possible early witnesses of the development of autoimmune diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:34:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8136685531744f6e9733e8aeccf29638 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0891-6934 1607-842X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:34:12Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Autoimmunity |
| spelling | doaj.art-8136685531744f6e9733e8aeccf296382023-09-15T10:01:09ZengTaylor & Francis GroupAutoimmunity0891-69341607-842X2020-10-0153736737510.1080/08916934.2020.17999891799989Silent red blood cell autoantibodies: Are they naturally occurring or an effect of tolerance loss for a subsequent autoimmune process?Honorio Torres-Aguilar0Sorely Adelina Sosa-Luis1William de Jesús Ríos-Ríos2María de los Ángeles Romero-Tlalolini3Sergio Roberto Aguilar-Ruiz4Clinical Immunology Research Department of Biochemical Sciences Faculty, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de OaxacaDepartment of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalClinical Immunology Research Department of Biochemical Sciences Faculty, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de OaxacaMolecular Immunology Research Department of Medicine and Surgery Faculty, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de OaxacaMolecular Immunology Research Department of Medicine and Surgery Faculty, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de OaxacaUnexpected anti-red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies are routinely investigated in immunohematology and blood banking since their existence in pregnant women may induce haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn, and their presence in donors may induce haemolytic transfusion reactions or hyperacute rejection in solid organ transplantation. Unexpected anti-RBC alloantibodies may target antigens of the most blood types excluding the expected antibodies targeting the ABO antigens. Their incidence in humans was originally linked to alloimmunization events such as blood transfusions, transplants, or pregnancies. But later, many findings revealed their existence in pathogenic processes such as malignancies, infections, and autoimmune diseases; and usually (but not always) associated to autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). Nevertheless, unexpected anti-RBC autoantibodies are also occasionally found in healthy individuals in the absence of AIHA and with no history of alloimmunization or the associated pathologic processes. Hence, they are generally known as non-clinically significant, are excluded for typification and called “silent red blood cell autoantibodies (SRBCAA)”. This review highlights evidence related to genetic predisposition, molecular mimicry, immune dysregulation, and immune tolerance loss surrounding the existence of anti-RBC antibodies, describing the presence of SRBCAA as possible early witnesses of the development of autoimmune diseases.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08916934.2020.1799989red blood cell antigensunexpected antibodiessilent red blood cell autoantibodiesimmunological tolerance lossautoimmunity |
| spellingShingle | Honorio Torres-Aguilar Sorely Adelina Sosa-Luis William de Jesús Ríos-Ríos María de los Ángeles Romero-Tlalolini Sergio Roberto Aguilar-Ruiz Silent red blood cell autoantibodies: Are they naturally occurring or an effect of tolerance loss for a subsequent autoimmune process? Autoimmunity red blood cell antigens unexpected antibodies silent red blood cell autoantibodies immunological tolerance loss autoimmunity |
| title | Silent red blood cell autoantibodies: Are they naturally occurring or an effect of tolerance loss for a subsequent autoimmune process? |
| title_full | Silent red blood cell autoantibodies: Are they naturally occurring or an effect of tolerance loss for a subsequent autoimmune process? |
| title_fullStr | Silent red blood cell autoantibodies: Are they naturally occurring or an effect of tolerance loss for a subsequent autoimmune process? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Silent red blood cell autoantibodies: Are they naturally occurring or an effect of tolerance loss for a subsequent autoimmune process? |
| title_short | Silent red blood cell autoantibodies: Are they naturally occurring or an effect of tolerance loss for a subsequent autoimmune process? |
| title_sort | silent red blood cell autoantibodies are they naturally occurring or an effect of tolerance loss for a subsequent autoimmune process |
| topic | red blood cell antigens unexpected antibodies silent red blood cell autoantibodies immunological tolerance loss autoimmunity |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08916934.2020.1799989 |
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