Stress and the Role of the Gut–Brain Axis in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia: A Literature Review
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder, and its etiology remains largely unknown. Environmental factors have been reported to play roles in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and one of the major environmental factors identified for this disorder is psychosocial stress. Several studies...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/18/9747 |
| _version_ | 1797518972602548224 |
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| author | Behnam Vafadari |
| author_facet | Behnam Vafadari |
| author_sort | Behnam Vafadari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder, and its etiology remains largely unknown. Environmental factors have been reported to play roles in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and one of the major environmental factors identified for this disorder is psychosocial stress. Several studies have suggested that stressful life events, as well as the chronic social stress associated with city life, may lead to the development of schizophrenia. The other factor is the gut–brain axis. The composition of the gut microbiome and alterations thereof may affect the brain and may lead to schizophrenia. The main interest of this review article is in overviewing the major recent findings on the effects of stress and the gut–brain axis, as well as their possible bidirectional effects, in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:35:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-813d3981e64b44d3a0bcaba00bac15b3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:35:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-813d3981e64b44d3a0bcaba00bac15b32023-11-22T13:26:55ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-09-012218974710.3390/ijms22189747Stress and the Role of the Gut–Brain Axis in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia: A Literature ReviewBehnam Vafadari0Clinic for Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, 37073 Göttingen, GermanySchizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder, and its etiology remains largely unknown. Environmental factors have been reported to play roles in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and one of the major environmental factors identified for this disorder is psychosocial stress. Several studies have suggested that stressful life events, as well as the chronic social stress associated with city life, may lead to the development of schizophrenia. The other factor is the gut–brain axis. The composition of the gut microbiome and alterations thereof may affect the brain and may lead to schizophrenia. The main interest of this review article is in overviewing the major recent findings on the effects of stress and the gut–brain axis, as well as their possible bidirectional effects, in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/18/9747schizophrenianeuropsychiatricstressgut–brain axispsychosocial |
| spellingShingle | Behnam Vafadari Stress and the Role of the Gut–Brain Axis in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia: A Literature Review International Journal of Molecular Sciences schizophrenia neuropsychiatric stress gut–brain axis psychosocial |
| title | Stress and the Role of the Gut–Brain Axis in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia: A Literature Review |
| title_full | Stress and the Role of the Gut–Brain Axis in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia: A Literature Review |
| title_fullStr | Stress and the Role of the Gut–Brain Axis in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia: A Literature Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stress and the Role of the Gut–Brain Axis in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia: A Literature Review |
| title_short | Stress and the Role of the Gut–Brain Axis in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia: A Literature Review |
| title_sort | stress and the role of the gut brain axis in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia a literature review |
| topic | schizophrenia neuropsychiatric stress gut–brain axis psychosocial |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/18/9747 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT behnamvafadari stressandtheroleofthegutbrainaxisinthepathogenesisofschizophreniaaliteraturereview |